433

Index

A

  1. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) 107, 403, 405
    1. Training Policy Statement 2004–06 170
  2. Aboriginal Education Consultative Group (AECG) xiii, xviii, 69, 178, 195, 205
    1. Dubbo 222
  3. Aboriginal Education Officers (AEOs) 189, 200, 211, 257
  4. Aboriginal English xix, 6, 9, 15–16, 76, 91, 147, 293, 303, 364, 373, 383.
    1. See also Kriol
  5. Aboriginal Land Rights [Northern Territory] Act 228, 367
  6. Aboriginal Languages of Victoria Resource Portal (ALV-RP) 310, 315, 317, 320
    1. portal architecture 317–319
    2. Victorian Word Finder 316
  7. Aboriginal Languages Summer School 108, 218
  8. Aboriginal Resource Development Services (ARDS) xxix
  9. absolutive case 379
  10. accusative case 379
  11. adjectives
    1. Gamilaraay 409, 411
    2. Ngemba 46
    3. Wiradjuri 333
    4. Yuwaalaraay 411
  12. Adnyamathanha (language) 57
    1. audio recordings of 57
    2. language program 30
  13. adult language-learning xvi, xviii, xix, 72, 88, 97, 108, 110, 117, 123, 125, 127, 133–34, 138, 140, 158–59, 162–66, 168, 171, 193, 214, 218, 265, 283, 429.
    1. case studies 158
    2. Dharug 182, 186–87
    3. Miriwoong 149
    4. Ngarrindjeri 396
    5. Wergaia 247
    6. Wiradjuri 159, 214, 216–18, 222–23
  14. adverbs 333, 409, 411
  15. Alphabetic principle 283–84
  16. Anaiwan (language) 171
    1. Certificate I qualification 171
  17. Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) 86.
    1. See also Pitjantjatjara (language)
  18. Arabana (language) 30
    1. language program 30
  19. archival records. See language source materials
  20. Arrernte (language) 84–85
  21. Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Association (ACRA) 359.
    1. See also Miromaa Language Program
    2. Aboriginal training agency 359
    3. workshops 359
  22. Audacity sound editing software 334, 393
  23. audio recordings 29–30, 32, 56, 94, 96, 104, 109–11, 115–16, 121, 123–26, 128, 148, 175, 243–44, 309, 316, 327–28, 331–32, 334–35, 340, 353, 357–59, 368, 375, 388, 403, 405, 408, 422.
    1. See also CDs; Maintenance of Indigenous Languages and Records program (MILR); sound files
  24. Audiamus (software) 114
    1. digital audio equipment 179
  25. 434
  26. audiovisual
    1. recording 359
    2. training 140
  27. Australian English 6, 10, 15–16, 91, 94, 116, 133, 136, 138, 140, 153, 164, 167, 177, 181, 184–85, 187, 211, 223, 230, 233–35, 246–47, 268, 281–82, 284, 288–89, 293, 303, 362, 365–66, 368, 375, 377, 410–11, 428.
    1. See also translation
    2. Alphabetic Principle, and 283–84
    3. dominance 6, 8–9, 11, 15, 76, 92, 367
    4. fluency in, 13, 271
    5. grammar 333
    6. literacy. See literacy
    7. Northern Territory, in the 16
    8. orthography 265, 295, 393
    9. proficiency 14, 18
    10. vowels 285, 297
  28. Australian Indigenous Languages Framework (AILF) 302
  29. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) xvi, 108, 175, 190, 243, 250, 328, 331, 360, 403, 414, 422
    1. Aboriginal Studies Electronic Data Archive (ASEDA) 396
    2. National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 108
  30. Australian Labor Party 7, 11–13
  31. Australian Language and Literacy Policy 8, 11
  32. Australian National University 190
  33. Australian Second Language Proficiency Ratings (ASLPR) 271–74.
    1. See also fluency
  34. Awabakal-Wanarruwa (language) 110, 113, 255, 294, 297.
    1. See also Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Association (ACRA); Miromaa Language Program
    2. Certificate I qualification 171

B

  1. Bamay Possum’s Party (book) 115
  2. Barriyala: Let’s Work (book) 115
  3. Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education (BIITE) xvi, xix, xxi, 352, 365, 390, 395–96
    1. Centre for Australian Languages and Linguistics 120
  4. Batemans Bay Public School (NSW)
    1. Dhurga language program xviii, 159, 162, 164–66, 173–76, 188–93, 257
  5. Bayabangun Ngurrawa (conference) 260
  6. Bayungu (language) xv, 104.
    1. See also Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre (Wangka Maya)
    2. audio recordings of 125
    3. dictionary 125–26, 128
    4. documentation, of 125–26
    5. language program 125
    6. Payungu Picture Dictionary 104, 125–28
    7. phrasebook 126
    8. sketch grammar 125, 128
  7. Berndt, Ronald and Catherine 353, 387, 394, 397–98
    1. A World That Was: The Yaraldi of the Murray River and the Lakes, South Australia. 397
  8. bicultural education 7, 13, 17, 24
  9. Biddigal (dialect). See Dharawal (language)
  10. Big hART 84, 87.
    1. See also Ngapartji Ngapartji (touring show)
  11. Bilinarra (language) xix, 159, 226–28, 234.
    1. See also Pigeon Hole School (NT); Victoria River District (VRD) NT
    2. endangered 226, 229
    3. fluency in, 234
    4. grammar 229
    5. language program 231
    6. vocabulary 229
  12. bilingual. See also language mixing
    1. dictionaries 405
    2. education xiv, xxiii, xxv, 3, 7, 9, 13, 16–18, 24, 31, 120, 123, 260, 274, 346, 367
    3. signs 28, 76–77, 83, 148, 150, 233, 372
    4. speech communities 226, 362
    5. touring theatre 84, 86
  13. Biripi-Gathang (language) 112
    1. Certificate I qualification 171
  14. Birrbay (language) 110, 114
  15. Bonalbo Central School (NSW)
    1. language program (Bundjalung) 113
  16. 435
  17. Boon Wurrung (dialect). See Kulin (language family)
  18. Brennan, Gloria 132
  19. Broulee Public School (NSW) 163–68, 174, 190
  20. Buandig (language) 314
  21. Bundjalung-Yugambeh (language) 110–11, 113, 182–83, 294
    1. audio recordings 110
    2. Certificate I qualification 171
    3. endangered 254
    4. language program 113
    5. pronunciation 111
    6. vocabulary 111
  22. Burarra (language) 362–63, 366

C

  1. Canadian Assembly of First Nations
    1. language policy 3
  2. Cape York Peninsula Language Documentation project (CYPLD) 418, 420–22, 424–25, 428.
    1. See also Lockhart River case study
  3. Carnarvon Senior High School (WA)
    1. language program (Bayungu) 125
  4. case
    1. absolutive 379
    2. accusative 379
    3. ergative 97, 185, 212, 248, 379, 382
    4. marking 236, 294
    5. morphology 377
    6. nominative 379
    7. suffixes 248, 294, 299
    8. system (noun) 299, 333
  5. CD-ROMs
    1. Winangali 309
  6. CDs 4, 85, 114–15, 125–26, 177–78, 328, 393–94, 405, 427
  7. Centre for Australian Languages and Linguistics 120
  8. certification. See also qualifications (Aboriginal Language Teaching)
    1. Aboriginal community, controlled by 277–78
  9. Chifley College-Dunheved Campus (NSW) 183, 186–87.
    1. See also Dharug (language)
  10. code-switching xix, 225, 229–31, 235–36
  11. community-based language revitalisation 75, 80, 91, 93, 108, 110, 113, 115, 131, 190, 278, 374
  12. community-driven language revitalisation 14, 55, 123, 128, 134, 197, 313
  13. community linguist (Indigenous) xv, xix, xxi, 108, 139, 237, 372, 376
  14. computers 107, 125, 148, 310, 323–24, 326–27, 329, 334–37, 339, 344–45, 356–59, 406.
    1. See also electronic dictionaries; information technology (IT); software
    2. access to 22, 345, 424
    3. computer-based resources 117, 311, 325, 339–40, 346
    4. disadvantages of 310, 346
    5. literacy, as aid to 30
    6. North Coast Computer Project 110
    7. presentation on 342
    8. support from 332
  15. conjunctions 333
  16. consonants 266, 285, 298, 362, 398
    1. consonant phonemes 285
    2. lamino-dental 266, 362
    3. Ngarrindjeri 398
    4. palatal 362
    5. pronunciation of 266, 285
    6. sounds of 285
  17. courses (teaching). See also qualifications (Aboriginal Language Teaching)
    1. accreditation of, 158, 173, 177
    2. Certificate in Aboriginal Language Work (WA) 125–26
    3. Certificate (TAFE NSW) 115, 158, 165, 171, 173–80, 218
    4. content of, 172
    5. delivery of, 172, 178
    6. entry requirements 173
  18. creoles 6, 16, 295, 301, 426, 428.
    1. See also Kriol
    2. Lockhart River Creole 426
  19. cross-linguistic comparison 376–77, 379
  20. curricula 6, 13, 41, 48, 68, 120, 158, 174, 189, 192, 194–95, 198, 200, 205–06, 367.
    1. See also Northern Territory Curriculum Framework (2002); NSW Aboriginal Languages K-10 Syllabus; Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA)
    2. bilingual 31
  21. 436
    1. development of 3, 47, 199, 302, 313, 392
    2. Dhurga (language) 188, 193
    3. inappropriate 136
    4. Indigenous languages, for 3, 13, 158, 167, 189, 194, 198, 207, 216, 220
    5. national standards (Aust) 275
    6. Ngarrindjeri (language) 389, 392
    7. NSW 112, 174, 190, 194, 219, 255
    8. oral 140
    9. primary schools, for 202
    10. secondary schools, for 202
    11. support with 120
    12. Western Australian 140
    13. Wiradjuri (language) 159

D

  1. Darkinyung (language) 110, 113
    1. Darkinyung Language Group 110, 255
    2. grammar-dictionary 114, 255
  2. Darug (people). See Dharug (language)
  3. de facto language policy. See invisible language policy
  4. Dhanggati (language) 110, 112–13, 182–83
    1. Certificate I qualification 171
    2. grammar-dictionary 114
    3. Thunghutti Tiddas Aboriginal Corporation 110, 112
    4. workshops in, 171
  5. Dharawal (language) 158, 178–80, 182, 335.
    1. See also toponyms
    2. accredited teaching qualifications, in 158
    3. Biddigal (dialect) 178
    4. CD 178
    5. Certificate I qualification 178–79
    6. dictionary 178
    7. language program 178–180, 335
    8. Oppliger, Amanda (linguist) 186
  6. Dharug (language) xvi, 181–84, 187, 328, 334–35.
    1. See also Chifley College-Dunheved Campus (NSW); toponyms
    2. Certificate I qualification 171
    3. Elders 183
    4. fluency in, 181, 183–84, 335
    5. grammar 183, 187
    6. language centre 186
    7. language program 159, 183–86, 326
    8. mobile phone dictionary 335
    9. nouns 185
    10. oral record 325
    11. orthography 183, 266
    12. pronunciation 181, 185–86, 304
    13. songs 181, 183, 185–87, 335
    14. sounds of 184–85
    15. translation 181, 184
    16. vocabulary 184–85, 328
    17. Watson, Edna 186
    18. website 187, 335
    19. wordlists 304, 325
  7. Dhudhuroa (language) 314
  8. Dhurga (language) 158–59, 162–63, 173, 188–193, 297.
    1. See also Broulee Public School (NSW); Mogo Public School (NSW); toponyms; Vincentia High School (NSW)
    2. accredited teaching qualifications, in 158
    3. audio recordings of 175
    4. Batemans Bay Public School. See Batemans Bay Public School (NSW)
    5. Cobowra Local Aboriginal Land Council 173–75
    6. curricula 188, 193
    7. Dhurga Buradja (book) 174
    8. Dhurga Buradja – Speaking Dhurga Tomorrow (Certificate I) 173–75
    9. Elders 189
    10. endangered 173
    11. grammar 163–64, 167, 191
    12. language program xviii, 159, 162, 164–66, 173–76, 188–193, 257
    13. metalanguage, use of 166
    14. orthography 167, 175, 191
    15. phonemes 165
    16. pronunciation 165
    17. songs 189, 191
    18. sounds of 163, 166–67, 297–98
    19. teaching resources 165–66
    20. vocabulary 163, 167, 185, 191–93
    21. workshops 176, 190, 193
    22. Wreck Bay Community Council 189
  9. Dhuwala (language) 362, 364.
    1. See also Gupapuyŋu (language)
  10. Dhuwal (language) 362, 364, 367.
    1. See also Djambarrpuyŋu (language) 437
  11. dictionaries 86, 94, 110, 112, 114, 116, 124, 126–27, 133–35, 139, 147–49, 167, 177, 187, 256, 269, 273, 315, 373, 413, 423.
    1. See also electronic dictionaries; grammar-dictionaries; mobile phones; Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay & Yuwaaalayaay Dictionary; Ngarrindjeri Dictionary Project; software; wordlists
    2. Bayungu 125
    3. bilingual 405
    4. Darkinyung 255
    5. development of, 353
    6. Dharawal 178
    7. Gajirrabeng 147
    8. Gumbaynggirr 108, 116
    9. Miriwoong 147, 149
    10. Ngarluma 122–23, 128
    11. Payungu Picture Dictionary, (Bayungu) 104, 125–28
    12. talking 30
    13. Thalanyji 121
    14. Wergaia 160, 242–43, 249
    15. Wiradjuri 217
    16. Yan-nhaŋu 365, 368
  12. Diwurruwurru-jaru Aboriginal Corporation (DAC) xv, xix, 109, 120, 231, 237.
    1. See also Gurindji (language)
    2. linguists 231
  13. Djambarrpuyŋu (language) 366–68.
    1. See also Dhuwal (language)
    2. fluency in, 368
    3. Yan-nhaŋu, parallel translations 368
  14. Djinaŋ (language) 362
  15. Djinba (language) 362
  16. Djirrbal (language) 93, 95–96
    1. workshops 93, 358
  17. documentation of languages 5, 14, 79, 110, 120, 127, 131, 134, 137, 139–40, 142, 147, 200, 310, 351, 353, 356–57, 369, 375, 418, 420–22, 424–26, 429.
    1. See also audio recordings; Cape York Peninsula Language Documentation project; Emergency Language Documentation Teams; language source materials
    2. Awabakal-Wanarruwa 294
    3. Bayungu, of 125–26
    4. Bundjalung-Yugambeh 294
    5. endangered languages, of 353
    6. Gumbaynggirr 294
    7. Gunnai 375, 377
    8. incomplete 160, 253–55, 336, 352, 419
    9. Kaurna 56, 65
    10. Kimberley Language Resource Centre, by 133, 135–36, 140–41, 143
    11. Kuuku Ya’u 426
    12. language-centres, by 79, 108
    13. Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring Language and Culture Centre, by 148
    14. Miriwoong 76, 147–48, 150
    15. Ngarluma 122
    16. Nyangumarta 123
    17. Paakantji 294
    18. Pitjantjatjara 86
    19. Queensland, of 352
    20. Thalanyji 121
    21. Umpila (dialect group) 426
    22. Victorian, of 28
    23. Wangka Maya, by 126–27
    24. Wergaia 240, 250
    25. Wiradjuri 294
    26. Yan-nhaŋu 364, 366, 368–69
  18. dual naming. See toponyms
  19. Dubbo College (NSW) 222
    1. language program 48, 159, 221
  20. Dulaybam Dunggiir (book) 115
  21. Dunghutti (language). See Dhanggati (language)
  22. DVDs 85, 104, 117, 122–24, 128
  23. Dyirrbal (language) 93, 94.
    1. See also language revitalisation programs
  24. Djirrbal (language) 93
    1. Girramay (language) 93
    2. Ngadjan (language) 93

E

  1. Eastern States Indigenous Languages Working Group xiii, 73
  2. East Kimberley region (WA). See Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring Language and Culture Centre (MDWg); See Miriwoong (language)
  3. education policy (languages) 3–10, 12–14, 16, 18, 76, 78, 82, 87, 99, 108, 119–20, 129, 133–34, 142–43, 176, 195, 204, 231, 260, 429.
  4. 438
    1. See also Australian Language and Literacy Policy; invisible language policy; language ideologies; Maintenance of Indigenous Languages and Records (MILR); National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy; national Indigenous languages policy; National Policy on Languages (1987); visible language policy;
    2. bilingual education 16–17
    3. Canada, of 3–4
    4. Community Languages Assistance Program (NSW) 108
    5. defined 10
    6. development of xxix, 4, 10
    7. Draft Aboriginal Languages Policy (NSW, 2001–02) 173
    8. Indigenous control of 82
    9. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy 13–14
    10. New South Wales, of 108, 173, 194, 254
    11. New Zealand, of 3–4
    12. Northern Territory, of the 367
    13. Report on a National Language Policy (1984) 10
    14. Training Policy Statement 2004–06 170
    15. United States, of the 3
  5. educators. See teachers
  6. Elders’ councils 4
    1. Wiradjuri xiii, 67, 73, 217–18, 222, 257
  7. electronic
    1. databases 387
    2. technology 25
    3. wordlists 328, 396–98
    4. words, recording of 332
  8. electronic dictionaries 310, 339, 341, 344–45, 390
    1. contents of 341
    2. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 341–42
    3. Field-Oriented Standard Format (FOSF) 341–42
    4. Gamilaraay 403
    5. Kaurna 343–44
    6. Kirrkirr (viewer) 340, 342–43, 345
    7. master dictionary file 340
    8. mobile phones, on 30, 123, 335, 339–40, 344–46
    9. Multi-Dictionary Formatter (MDF) 342
    10. Ngarluma 123
    11. Ngarrindjeri 392, 394–95
    12. Wagiman 345
    13. Warlpiri 343
  9. Emergency Language Documentation Teams 419–20
  10. endangered languages 23–25, 28–29, 76, 80–82, 85, 124, 126–27, 132, 226, 232, 254, 340, 345–46, 351, 353, 418–21, 425.
    1. See also Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale for Threatened Languages (GIDS); National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS) 2005; Reversing Language Shift model (RLS);
    2. Bilinarra 226, 229
    3. Bundjalung-Yugambeh 254
    4. Dhurga 173
    5. Gurindji 226, 229
    6. Karrangpurru 226
    7. Miriwoong 76, 147
    8. Mudbura 226
    9. Ngarinyman 226, 229
    10. Ngarluma 122
    11. Ngarrindjeri 352
    12. Nyangumarta 123
    13. Pitjantjatjara 85
    14. revitalisation of, guidelines for 25, 82
    15. Thalanyji 121
    16. Yan-nhaŋu 366, 369
    17. Yitha-Yitha/Dadi-Dadi 28
  11. English. See Australian English
  12. Eora (language) 182–83.
    1. See also Dharug (language)
    2. Certificate I qualification 171
  13. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 341–43
    1. syntax 342

F

  1. Federation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages (FATSIL) 87, 164
    1. Guide to Community Protocols for Indigenous Projects (2004) 164
  2. Field-Oriented Standard Format (FOSF) 341–42
  3. 439
  4. fluency xxviii, 53, 99, 132, 134–35, 157, 225, 237, 253–54, 265–70, 273, 275, 408, 421, 426.
    1. See also Australian Second Language Proficiency Ratings (ASLPR); oral proficiency
    2. Bilinarra, in 234
    3. certification of, 272, 274, 276–78
    4. Dharug, in 181, 183–84, 335
    5. Djambarrpuyŋu, in 368
    6. Gamilaraay, in 403
    7. Gurindji 234
    8. measurement of, 271–72, 274, 278
    9. Miriwoong, in 76, 147, 149
    10. Ngarinyman, in 234
    11. Ngarrindjeri, in 399
    12. Standard Australian English, in 13, 271
    13. teachers, of 273–74, 278, 332
    14. Thalanyji, in 121
    15. Warrgamay, in 97
    16. Wiradjuri, in 68, 70, 213
    17. Yan-nhaŋu, in 363, 366

G

  1. Gajirrabeng (language) 146, 148
    1. dictionary 147
  2. Gamilaraay (language) xvi, 158, 182, 218, 284.
    1. See also Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay & Yuwaalayaay Dictionary (GYYD); toponyms; Walgett High School (NSW); Yuwaalaraay (language)
    2. accredited teaching qualifications, in 158
    3. adjectives 409, 411
    4. audio recordings of 403, 408–09
    5. Certificate I qualification 171
    6. dictionary 403
    7. fluency in, 403
    8. New England Institute of TAFE 176
    9. orthography 282, 404, 409
    10. phonemes in, 282, 295
    11. pronunciation 282, 403–04
    12. songbooks 177
    13. sounds of 282–84, 403, 405–06, 408–10
    14. sources of words 408–10
    15. text-based resources 330
    16. verbs 404
    17. vocabulary 409–10, 412
    18. vowels 282, 296, 409–10
    19. website 403
    20. wordlist, Yuwaalaraay-Gamilaraay 404, 408, 413–14
    21. workshops 171, 176–77
  3. Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay & Yuwaalayaay Dictionary (GYYD) xiii, 353, 402–04, 409–15
    1. Ash, Anna 405–06, 413
    2. production 405, 411, 413
    3. sketch grammar 413
    4. sources of words 404, 408–10
    5. Yuwaalaraay-Gamilaraay Wordlist 404, 408, 413–14
  4. Ganalbiŋu (language) 362
  5. Gardiner, William (Nyaparu) 124, 127
    1. biography 124, 127
  6. Gathang (language) 110, 113–14
  7. Geographical Names Board of NSW (GNB) 28.
    1. See also toponyms
  8. Girramay (language) 93, 95
    1. language program 99
    2. workshops 93, 95, 358
  9. Girringun Aboriginal Corporation 93
  10. Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale for Threatened Languages (GIDS) 75, 80–82, 147, 232
  11. grammar-dictionaries 108, 110, 114, 351
    1. Darkinyung 114, 255
    2. Dhanggati 114
    3. Gumbaynggirr 114
    4. Wergaia Community Grammar and Dictionary 240, 242–43, 250
  12. grammars 42, 45, 47, 92, 94, 110, 115–17, 133–35, 151, 160, 163, 167, 187, 191, 225, 246, 256, 269, 271, 294, 312, 315–16, 327, 329, 333–44, 353, 373, 423.
    1. See also grammar-dictionaries; parsers
    2. Australian English 333
    3. Bayungu 125
    4. Bilinarra 229
    5. Dharug 181, 183, 187
    6. Dhurga 163–64, 167, 175, 192
    7. Gumbaynggirr 108, 114, 116
    8. Gunnai 372, 376–80
    9. Gurindji 229–30, 236
    10. learners’ grammar 122, 128
    11. Miriwoong 150–51
    12. 440
    13. Ngarinyman 229
    14. Ngarluma 122–23, 128
    15. Ngarrindjeri 394–95, 397
    16. Pitjantjatjara 86
    17. sketch grammar 56, 122–23, 125, 128, 150, 244–45, 255, 310, 312, 318, 373, 413
    18. Thalanyji 128
    19. Wergaia 160, 241, 243, 246–48
    20. Wiradjuri 212, 222–23
    21. Yan-nhaŋu 365, 368
    22. Yitha-Yitha/Dadi-Dadi 28
    23. Yuwaalaraay 403–06
  13. Grant (Snr), Stan 67, 210–13, 216–17, 223
  14. Green book of language revitalization in practice, The xxvi, xxviii, 106
  15. Gudjal (language) 93, 95–96
    1. Elders 96
    2. language program xxi, 90, 95–96
    3. workshops 94, 358
  16. Gugu-Badhun (language) 93, 96
    1. Elders 96
    2. language awareness workshop 93
  17. Guiwan (language) 110
  18. Gumatj (language) 93, 100, 366
  19. Gumbaynggirr (language) xxii, 27, 32, 103, 107–08, 110–12, 258, 260, 294.
    1. See also Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative; Nambucca Heads High School (NSW); St Mary’s Public School (NSW); toponyms
    2. Aboriginal languages summer school 218
    3. audio recordings of 32, 111
    4. Bamay Possum’s Party (book) 115
    5. Barriyala: Let’s Work (book) 115
    6. Certificate II qualification 115
    7. Certificate I qualification 171
    8. dictionary 116
    9. Dulaybam Dunggiir (book) 115
    10. Elders 107
    11. grammar-dictionary 108, 114
    12. Gumbaynggirr Language Student Workbooks 115
    13. language program 25–26, 32, 115, 189
    14. manifesto 24, 32
    15. Mayalambala: Let’s Move It (book) 115
    16. sound recordings of, 32
    17. suffixes 116
    18. teachers of, 26
    19. text-based resources 330
    20. translation 115
    21. vocabulary 116
    22. workshops in, 171
  20. Gunnai (language) 313, 372–385.
    1. See documentation of languages
    2. CD 375
    3. grammar 372, 376–80
    4. illustrated books 375
    5. language program xxi, 372, 374
    6. language records 375
    7. learning guide 375
    8. orthography 374, 378–82
    9. pronouns 372, 375–84
    10. pronunciation 374, 380, 382
    11. sounds of 375, 379, 382
    12. suffixes 377, 379–80, 382–83
    13. verbs 383
    14. vocabulary 315, 376–81
    15. wordlists 374, 376–77, 381–83
    16. workshops 374
  21. Gupapuyŋu (language) 362, 366, 368.
    1. See also Dhuwala (language)
  22. Gurindji (language) xix, 159, 226–27, 229, 234.
    1. See also code-switching
    2. Diwurruwurru-jaru Aboriginal Corporation (DAC) 231
    3. endangered 226, 229
    4. fluency in, 234
    5. grammar 229–30, 236
    6. Kriol xx, 229–30, 234–36
    7. locative case marker 236
    8. nouns 229–31, 236
    9. pronouns 236
    10. translation 231
    11. verbs 230, 236
    12. vocabulary 229–31, 235
  23. Guringai (language). See Guringay (language)
  24. Guringay (language) 110, 114
    1. Certificate I qualification 171

H

  1. Handbook of Aboriginal languages of NSW and the ACT, a 114
  2. Hercus, Luise 243–44, 312
  3. historical records. See language source materials
  4. 441
  5. Howitt, A. W 374, 377–78, 396
  6. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 317–18, 340

I

  1. Indigenous Community Volunteers 135
  2. Indigenous Knowledge Centres (IKCs) 352, 356
  3. Indigenous language rights 3, 7–8, 11, 16–18, 126, 136, 257, 363, 366
  4. Indigenous Languages and Culture (ILC) program, NT 226–27, 231–34, 236
  5. Indigenous Languages Institute (conference 2008) 260
  6. Indigenous languages of Victoria, revival and reclamation: Victorian Certificate of Education study design 160, 240, 242, 247, 250, 313, 374
  7. information technology (IT) 106, 323–27, 331, 335–37.
    1. See also Aboriginal Languages of Victoria Resource Portal (ALV-RP); computers; electronic dictionaries; software
    2. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 341
    3. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 317–18, 340
    4. Miromaa database 309, 325
    5. Ninti language learning site 309
    6. speech synthesis technology 311, 332, 337
    7. worksheets 330–31
    8. workshops 107
  8. Institute for Aboriginal Development (IAD) 267, 277, 413
  9. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 96, 244, 296
  10. internet 88, 310, 356
    1. telephony software 335
  11. interrogatives 166, 213
  12. intransitive verbs 212, 404–05, 411
  13. invisible language policy 5–8, 10, 14–18.
    1. See also visible language policy
  14. It’s a Hard Road to Hoe but You Gotta Start Somewhere: Designing a Community Language Project (DVD) 117

J

  1. Jaminjung (language) 148
  2. Jarrakan (language family) 146.
    1. See also Gajirrabeng (language); Gija (language); Miriwoong (language)

K

  1. Kalkaringi School (NT) 225–31, 235
    1. language program (Gurindji) 231
  2. Kamilaroi (language). See Gamilaraay (language)
  3. Karrangpurru (language) 226–27.
    1. See also Victoria River District (VRD) NT
    2. endangered 226
  4. Katherine Regional Language Centre. See Diwurruwurru-jaru Aboriginal Corporation (DAC)
  5. Kaurna (language) xiii, 235, 395, 398.
    1. See also Kaurna Plains School (SA); language revitalisation programs; toponyms
    2. code-switching 235
    3. documention of, 56, 65
    4. electronic dictionary 343–44
    5. grammar 56, 58
    6. Kaurna Aboriginal Community and Heritage Association Inc (KACHA) 58
    7. Kaurna in the Public Arena Post 1980 63–65
    8. Kaurna Placenames website 54, 56, 61–62, 64–65
    9. Kaurna requests database 60–61, 65
    10. Kaurna Warra Pintyandi (KWP) xiii, 54, 56, 59–60, 64
    11. language program xiii, 56–58, 189
    12. songs 57
    13. sound file 63, 65, 343–44
    14. translation 56–58, 60, 65
    15. vocabulary 57
    16. wordlist 56
    17. workshop 57, 59
  6. Kaurna Plains School (SA) 57, 189.
    1. See also Kaurna (language)
  7. Keeping Language Strong (report) 133
  8. Kija (language) 273
  9. Kimberley Language Resource Centre (KLRC) xiv, xxviii, 79, 103, 131–32, 134, 137, 139, 141–43.
  10. 442
    1. See also documentation of languages
    2. Business Plan 2008–11 136
    3. dictionary 133, 139
    4. draft policy 133
    5. establishment of 131
    6. Keeping Language Strong (report) xviii, 133
    7. Kimberley Language Support Project 133
    8. Language Continuation Continuum (LCC) 138–39
    9. language policy 134
    10. language revitalisation strategies 139–42
    11. linguists 132, 137, 141
    12. oral language transmission 136, 139
    13. origins 132–33
    14. project management model 137
    15. Strategic Plan (2000 report) 134–35
    16. Strategic Plan (2005 revision) 136
    17. Teaching On Country (TOC) 139
    18. teaching resources 134–35
  11. Kirrkirr (electronic dictionary viewer) 340, 342–43, 345
  12. Koori Centre (University of Sydney) xvi, xix, xxii, 31, 158, 163, 168, 173, 218, 221, 258, 260, 267–68, 274, 278.
    1. See also Master of Indigenous Languages Education (MILE)
  13. Kriol xix, 76, 140, 147, 153, 160, 187, 225–26, 229–30, 234–36, 300.
    1. See also code-switching; creoles; language mixing
    2. Gurindji xx, 229–30, 234–36
    3. Kimberley Kriol xix, 147
  14. Kulin (language family) 244.
    1. See also Wergaia (language)
    2. Barababaraba 314
    3. Boon Wurrung 314–15
    4. Djab Wurrung 245, 314
    5. Dja Dja Wurrung 314
    6. Gulidjan 314
    7. Jardwadjali 314
    8. Ladji Ladji 314
    9. Madhi Madhi 314
    10. Taungurung 314–15, 374
    11. Wadi Wadi 314
    12. Wathaurong 314
    13. Wemba Wemba 245, 314
    14. Woiwurrung 314–15
  15. Kŭrnai (language). See Gunnai (language)
  16. Kuuku Ya’u (language). See Lockhart River case study

L

  1. lamino-dental
    1. consonants 266, 362
  2. lamino-palatal 266
  3. land councils 4, 112, 172–74, 240, 277
    1. Central Land Council 344
    2. Cobowra Local Aboriginal Land Council 173–74
    3. Kimberley Land Council 143
    4. Northern Land Council (NLC) 367–68
  4. language activists xxvii, 4, 10, 23, 29, 79, 104, 142, 152–53
  5. language centres 4, 7, 12, 14, 17, 90, 103–04, 106–08, 111–14, 119–27, 129, 131, 148, 176, 273, 277, 356, 359–60, 421.
    1. See also Diwurruwurru-jaru Aboriginal Corporation (DAC); Kimberley Language Resource Centre (KLRC); language programs (Aboriginal); Lodjba Koori Language Centre-Many Rivers Aboriginal Language Centre (MRALC); Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring Language and Culture Centre (MDWg); Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative; North Queensland Regional Aboriginal Corporation Language Centre (NQRACLC); Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre (Wangka Maya)
    2. activities 79, 103–04, 120, 127, 146
    3. Dharug 186
    4. establishment of 108–09, 119
    5. funding from 113
    6. funding of 14, 109, 120, 129, 148, 150
    7. government support 120
    8. language documentation, by. See documentation of languages
    9. promotion of 359
    10. role of 104, 108, 111–14, 119–20, 123, 126, 129, 148
    11. 443
    12. vulnerability of 12
  6. language continuation xxviii, 6–7, 11–14, 17–18, 24, 84, 87, 89, 98, 104, 107, 131–32, 136–37, 141–42, 160, 225–27, 230, 232, 234, 236–37, 254, 270, 298, 419–20, 428–29.
    1. See also Green book of language revitalization in practice, The; Maintenance of Indigenous Languages and Records program (MILR)
    2. community control 14, 17, 111, 127, 227
    3. informal strategies 225–27, 231
    4. Language Continuation Continuum (LCC) 138–39
    5. literacy-based approach to 133
    6. principle of, 14
    7. rights of, 17
    8. self-determination in 141
    9. strategies 136–37
  7. language decline xxiii, xxv, 7, 76, 91, 219, 356, 402, 408
    1. reversal of 7
  8. language documentation. See documentation of languages
  9. language education policy. See education policy (languages)
  10. Language Endangerment Status Indicator. See National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS) 2005
  11. language ideologies 6, 8–9, 14–18
    1. Australian Language and Literacy Policy 8
    2. defined 8
  12. language immersion 149, 160, 226–27, 232–35, 274, 294.
    1. See also language nest model; master-apprentice model
    2. Australian English, in 15
    3. Canadian model (French) 232
    4. Māori model 232–33
    5. models of, 226–27, 232, 234–36
    6. one-on-one 149
    7. oral 140
  13. language maintenance. See language continuation
  14. language mixing 85, 159–60, 184, 225–27, 229–30, 233–36, 300, 366, 426.
    1. See also bilingual; codeswitching; Kriol
    2. immersion models, and 233–34
    3. promotion of, 235
    4. youth language 226, 229–31
  15. language nest model 132, 134–35, 139, 142, 226, 232–34, 236.
    1. See also language immersion
    2. Yan-nhaŋu ‘Language Nests’ 365
  16. Language Other Than English (LOTE) 95, 113, 389
  17. language programs (Aboriginal) xi, xvi, xxvi, xxviii, 7, 13, 17, 22, 25–30, 32, 43–44, 46–47, 68–69, 80, 90, 95, 99, 104, 111–12, 120, 140, 142–43, 153, 157–60, 167, 171, 195, 200, 203, 206, 225–27, 234, 237, 260, 281, 283–90, 293–95, 299, 302, 313, 323, 326, 355–56, 358, 360, 363, 366, 369, 372–73, 392, 403.
    1. See also courses (teaching); language centres; Kalkaringi School (NT); qualifications (Aboriginal Language Teaching); school-community partnerships;
    2. Aboriginal Education Consultative Group (AECG) 69
    3. accredited teaching qualifications 170
    4. bilingual 9, 16–17, 24
    5. case study 194–207
    6. community-based 41, 93, 108, 110, 190, 197, 220, 256, 374
    7. Community Languages Assistance Program 108
    8. community, support from 68, 256, 260
    9. development of, 41, 95, 112, 158–59, 201, 219–20, 257–58, 323, 356, 404
    10. establishment of, 54, 71, 117, 194–95, 197–98, 203–05
    11. funding of, 13, 17, 31, 80, 99, 147, 163, 167, 197, 256
    12. Indigenous concerns, regarding, 157, 196, 197
    13. Indigenous input 54, 143, 159, 172, 222
    14. Indigenous Languages and Culture (ILC) program, NT 226–27, 231–34, 236
    15. linguists, role in 29, 302
    16. 444
    17. Many Rivers Aboriginal Language Centre (MRALC) 113
    18. Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program (MALLP) 79, 149, 153
    19. methods used in, 79
    20. Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring 146, 151
    21. National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLaN) 16
    22. NSW Department of Education and Training (DET) 112
    23. Report on School-based Aboriginal Language Program Activity in NSW During 2006 162
    24. school-based 25, 104, 140, 142, 159–60, 162–168, 194–95, 197, 200–01, 205, 207, 210–24, 226, 231, 233, 253–62, 274, 276, 281–93, 352, 367, 393
    25. school principal, role in, 26, 69, 113, 191–92, 194–95, 200–02, 204–07, 211
    26. structure of, 107
    27. Technical and Further Education (TAFE) NSW 170–79
  18. language publicity 77–83
  19. language shift 6, 86, 122, 147, 153, 160, 230, 232, 236, 296, 300, 352, 364, 418, 428–29.
    1. See also Reversing Language Shift model (RLS)
  20. language source materials 249.
    1. See also audio recordings; Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS); documentation of languages; wordlists
    2. archival records 29, 57, 109–10, 125, 128, 183, 190, 216, 243, 310, 312–13, 316, 323, 328, 353, 373, 375–76, 382, 384, 387, 398, 423, 426
    3. comparison of, 374
    4. Elders 110, 375, 395
    5. ethnographic accounts 353, 364, 397
    6. historical records 94, 243–46, 250, 293, 295, 301–02, 312–13, 315–16, 318, 343, 353, 357, 372, 377–80, 382–84, 389, 391, 394–96, 398, 405, 408–09, 421
    7. lack of, 56, 266, 298, 300, 324
    8. libraries 29, 244, 312–13, 315–16, 328
    9. linguistic 94, 96, 147, 181, 244, 259, 312, 422
    10. oral histories 121, 182, 216, 325–26, 328, 355, 358, 375, 387–88, 391, 396, 409, 414
    11. unreliability of, 245
  21. language transfer 78–79, 148, 151, 153, 214
  22. LanguageWiki 325, 331, 335
  23. language workshops. See workshops
  24. linguistic
    1. analysis 116, 127, 134, 190, 244, 255, 259, 282, 309, 312–13, 315–16, 320, 372–73
    2. assimilation 6
    3. classification 76, 122, 146–47, 244–45, 302, 312, 314–15, 333, 363
    4. comparison. See cross-linguistic comparison
    5. diversity 8, 24, 129, 132, 139, 142, 330, 364, 366
    6. divisions 418, 429
    7. documentation. See documentation of languages
    8. dominance 14
    9. expertise 22, 29, 32
    10. foundations 352, 372
    11. heritage 9, 106, 136, 141, 232, 302, 388
    12. heterogeneity 418, 424, 428
    13. homogeneity 418, 423–24, 428
    14. identity 7, 55, 75–76, 80, 82, 363
    15. knowledge transfer 78
    16. research 151, 255, 315–16
    17. resources 96, 181, 293, 320
    18. rights xxvi, 3, 136
    19. scholarships 108
    20. sources. See language source materials
    21. support 29, 54, 110, 121, 127, 175, 177, 189, 192, 200, 255, 295, 302, 315, 317–18, 320, 331, 334, 336, 366–67, 369, 373, 391
    22. terms 269, 282, 285, 300, 334
    23. training 78, 108, 115–16, 141, 150, 152, 212, 301, 312, 393
  25. linguists 8, 17, 29, 84, 87, 96, 99, 103–04, 108, 111–13, 116, 119–20, 122–25, 127, 131–32, 134–35, 137, 141–42, 147, 153, 174–76, 187–88, 200, 226, 231–32, 240–42, 244–45, 247, 249–50, 255, 259–60, 268, 271, 277, 295, 301–02, 309–10, 315, 317–18, 325, 328, 331, 333, 336, 339, 341–42, 366, 368–69, 373, 375, 383–85, 388, 403, 408, 414–15, 419–20, 422–23, 425–26, 429–30.
  26. 445
    1. See also community linguist (Indigenous)
    2. Alpher, Barry 397
    3. Amery, Rob 330, 399
    4. Austin, Peter 403
    5. Bowe, Dr Heather 241
    6. Brennan, Gloria 132
    7. Eira, Christina 330
    8. Gale, Mary-Anne 388
    9. Hale, Kenneth 122
    10. Hercus, Luise 243–44, 313, 315, 396–97
    11. Indigenous 17, 108, 111, 132, 139, 141
    12. Kartinyeri, James Brooksie 396–97
    13. Kirke, Brian 397
    14. Kofod, Frances 147
    15. language activists, interaction between 104
    16. Morelli, Brother Steve 107
    17. non-Indigenous 54, 108
    18. O’Grady, Geoffrey 125
    19. Oppliger, Amanda 183, 186, 334
    20. Reid, Julie 241
    21. Thieberger, Nick 391
    22. Troy, Jakelyn 183, 186, 190, 328
    23. von Brandenstein, Carl 122
    24. Yallop, Colin 396
  27. literacy 16, 25, 30, 32, 104, 124, 133, 135, 138, 148–49, 151, 163, 167, 173, 211, 213–14, 260, 265, 273, 283, 293, 295, 332, 368, 420.
    1. See also National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLaN); oral proficiency
    2. Australian Language and Literacy Policy 8, 11
    3. booklets 423
    4. computer 326, 339, 344, 420
    5. grammatical 326
    6. low levels of 339
    7. Nyangumarta, in 124
    8. scaffolding programs 41, 45
    9. skills, tests of 271
    10. specialist teacher in, 178–79
    11. Standard Australian English (SAE), in 7, 11, 13, 15–17, 149, 231, 290
    12. Strelley Literacy Centre 123
  28. loanwords 297, 304
  29. locative case suffix 212–13, 299
    1. Gurindji 236
    2. Wiradjuri 299
  30. Lockhart River case study 421, 426
    1. CDs 427
    2. documentation 426–27
    3. Kuuku Ya’u (language) 426
    4. Lockhart River Creole 426
    5. song documentation 427
    6. Umpila (language) 426
  31. Lodjba Koori Language Centre 313, 315.
    1. See also Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages (VACL)
  32. Luritja (language) 85

M

  1. Maintenance of Indigenous Languages and Records (MILR) xvi, 12, 14, 173, 430
  2. Many Rivers Aboriginal Language Centre (MRALC) xiii, xxii, 26, 103, 106–07, 109–15, 255.
    1. See also Awabakal-Wanarruwa (language); Birrbay (language); Bundjalung-Yugambeh (language); Darkinyung (language); Dhanggati (language); Gathang (language); Gumbaynggir (language); Guringay (language); Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative; Warrimay (language); Yaygirr/Yaegl (language)
    2. Gathang (Birrbay, Warrimay and Guringay) 110
  3. Māori (language) xxvi, 31, 233, 275–77, 297–98, 300
    1. Institute of Excellence in the Māori Language xxviii
    2. language nest model 134, 232–33
    3. Māori Language Act (1987) 3
    4. Māori Language Commission (MLC) 275
    5. pronunciation 300
    6. 446
    7. vocabulary 300
    8. vowels 297–98
  4. markup language
    1. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 341–43
    2. Field-Oriented Standard Format (FOSF) 341
    3. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 317, 340
  5. Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program (MALLP) 149
  6. master-apprentice model 25, 79, 104, 146, 153, 226, 232–34, 236, 418–19, 425, 429
  7. Master of Indigenous Languages Education (MILE) xiv, 31, 163, 173, 217, 221, 258, 273–75, 278.
    1. See also Koori Centre (University of Sydney)
  8. Mathews, R.H. 245–46, 377–79, 383, 408–09
  9. Mayalambala: Let’s Move It (book) 115, 336
  10. McNaboe, Diane 217–18, 221–22
  11. metalanguage 163, 165–66, 219
  12. Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring Language and Culture Centre (MDWg) xx, 76–78, 103–04, 146–49.
    1. See also Miriwoong (language)
    2. bush trips 149–53
    3. establishment 147
    4. language documentation, by 148
    5. language program 146, 151
    6. language-related employment 150, 152–53
    7. language revitalisation strategies 148, 150
    8. linguists 147
    9. Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program (MALLP) 149
    10. training and employment 150
  13. Miriwoong (language) xx, 54, 75–78, 103–04, 146, 150, 152–53.
    1. See also documentation of languages; Mirima Dawang Woorlab-gerring Language and Culture Centre (MDWg); toponyms
    2. Action Plan for Miriwoong Language Survival 153
    3. audio recordings 148
    4. dictionary 147–49
    5. Elders 78, 146, 151
    6. endangered 76, 147
    7. fluency in, 76, 147, 149
    8. grammar 150–51
    9. Kofod, Frances 147, 150
    10. Kriol, shift to 147, 153
    11. language program 76, 78–79, 81–83, 149–50, 152–53
    12. master-apprentice program 146
    13. multimedia, use of 149
    14. orthography 78, 149
    15. public signage 150
    16. revitalisation strategies 148, 150–51
    17. sounds of 78
    18. sounds, of 149
    19. vocabulary 147, 149–50, 152
  14. Miromaa Language Program 359, 390.
    1. See also Awabakal-Wanarruwa (language)
    2. database 309, 325
  15. mobile phones 88, 122–23, 310, 344–46, 358
    1. Dharug dictionary 186, 335
    2. dictionary platform, as 30, 123, 339–40, 344–46
    3. Kaurna dictionary 344
    4. Ngarluma dictionary 123
    5. Wagiman dictionary 345
  16. Mogo Public School (NSW) 162, 164–168
  17. monolingualism 6, 9, 16, 18, 225–26, 229, 268, 428
    1. Aboriginal languages, in 234
    2. education, in 16
    3. English, in xxv, 9–10
  18. Mudbura (language) 226, 228
    1. endangered 226
  19. multilingualism 6, 8, 12, 46, 217, 225, 268, 362, 428
    1. policy and 11
  20. multimedia 310
    1. learning materials 126, 149, 340, 343, 346, 403
    2. productions 128
  21. Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative xiii, xvii, xxii, 24, 26, 32, 103, 106–15, 117, 218, 256, 272, 277, 336–37.
    1. See also Gumbaynggirr (language); Many Rivers Aboriginal Language Centre (MRALC); Mayalambala: Let’s Move It (book); Nambucca Heads High School (NSW) 447
  22. MySQL (Structured Query Language) 318, 329

N

  1. Nambucca Heads High School (NSW) xxii, 257.
    1. See also Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative
  2. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Policy 12, 14
  3. National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLaN) 16–17
  4. national Indigenous languages policy 84, 87, 120
  5. National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS) 2005 108, 121–23, 147, 254, 356
    1. Language Endangerment Status Indicator 147
  6. National Policy on Languages (1987) 8–11, 260
    1. Australian Language and Literacy Policy (1991) 8, 11
    2. Report on a National Language Policy (1984) 10
  7. native title 4, 121, 127, 251, 313
    1. Buurabalayji-Thalanyji Association 121
  8. Ngarluma native title representative body 122–23
  9. Navajo (language) 277
    1. language program xxviii
    2. Navajo Language Proficiency Test 276
  10. Ndjébbana (language) 30
  11. New Zealand English 298
  12. Ngadjan (language) 93
    1. workshops 93, 358
  13. Ngapartji Ngapartji (touring show) xxi, 55, 84–89, 336.
    1. See also Pitjantjatjara (language)
    2. Big hART 84, 87
    3. national tours, by 86
    4. Ninti language learning site 309
  14. Ngarigu (language) 315
  15. Ngarinyman (language) xix, 148, 159, 226–29, 231, 234.
    1. See also Victoria River District (VRD) NT; Yarralin School (NT)
    2. endangered 226, 229
    3. fluency in, 234
    4. grammar 229
    5. language program 231
    6. nouns 236
    7. verbs 236
    8. vocabulary 229
  16. Ngarluma (language) 104, 122, 127.
    1. See also Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre (Wangka Maya)
    2. audio recordings of 128
    3. children’s picture dictionary 122
    4. dictionary 122–23
    5. documentation 122
    6. endangered 122
    7. language-learning DVDs 122, 128
    8. mobile phone dictionary 123
    9. Ngarluma Language Project 122, 124, 129
    10. Ngarluma native title representative body 122
    11. sketch grammar 122–23, 128
    12. wordlist 122
  17. Ngarralinyi Radio 110
  18. Ngarrindjeri Dictionary Project 387–89, 391–96, 398–99.
    1. See also Ngarrindjeri (language)
    2. audio recordings 388
    3. electronic dictionary 392, 394–95
    4. Ngarrindjeri Dictionary 399
    5. Ngarrindjeri Learners’ Guide 394
    6. Ngarrindjeri Picture Dictionary for Older Students 392
    7. Ngarrindjeri Yanun 397
    8. sources, of words 395–96, 398
  19. Ngarrindjeri (language) xvi, 388.
    1. See also toponyms
    2. consonants 398
    3. curricula 389, 392
    4. dictionary. See Ngarrindjeri Dictionary Project
    5. endangered 352
    6. fluency in, 399
    7. grammar 394–95, 397
    8. orthography 387–88, 390–91, 393, 395, 398
    9. 448
    10. phonetics 396
    11. pronunciation 387–88, 392, 395
    12. Ramindjeri (dialect) 395, 398–99
    13. school-based teaching, of 352
    14. sounds of 393, 398
    15. vowels 398
    16. wordlist 387–91, 394–99
    17. workshops 392
  20. Ngemba (language) 39, 42–47
    1. adjectives 46
    2. language program 42–47
    3. nouns 46
    4. pronouns 46
    5. pronunciation 46
  21. nominative case 379
  22. non-Pama-Nyungan (language family) 76, 146.
    1. See also Miriwoong (language)
  23. North Coast Computer Project 110
  24. Northern Territory Curriculum Framework (2002) 226
    1. Indigenous Languages and Culture (ILC) 226–27, 231, 233
  25. North Queensland Regional Aboriginal Corporation Language Centre (NQRACLC) 93, 357, 359
  26. nouns 391.
    1. See also object
    2. case system 299, 333
    3. Dharug 185
    4. Gurindji 229–30, 236
    5. Ngarinyman 236
    6. Ngemba 46
    7. Paakantji 294
    8. Wergaia 248
    9. Wiradjuri 211, 213, 299, 333
  27. NSW Aboriginal Languages Forum (2007) 260
  28. NSW Aboriginal Languages K-10 Syllabus xx, 112, 164–65, 167, 183, 189, 194, 197, 212–13, 216, 218–19, 254, 256, 272, 281, 287.
    1. See also curricula
    2. content 164
    3. development 254
    4. implementation 197, 219, 253, 275
    5. overview 219
  29. NSW Department of Aboriginal Affairs (DAA) 108, 112, 115, 254, 260
    1. Community Languages Assistance Program 108
    2. Strong Language: Strong Culture 108
  30. NSW Department of Education and Training (DET) xiv, xxi, 112, 178, 193, 195, 220, 222, 256, 259, 275, 278, 286, 403–05
    1. Aboriginal Education and Training Directorate (AETD) 171, 212
    2. Introducing an Aboriginal Languages Program 31
    3. Languages Unit 259
    4. Rhydwen, Mari 112, 160
    5. Teaching Qualifications Advisory Panel (TQAP) 273
  31. NSW Office of the Board of Studies (BOS) xviii, xx, xxv, xxvii, 69, 71, 183, 189–90, 192–93, 197, 210–13, 219–22, 255, 259, 404.
    1. See also syllabus
    2. Working with Aboriginal Communities; A Guide to Community Consultation and Protocols (2001) 164
  32. Nukunu (language)
    1. audio recordings of 57
  33. Nyangumarta (language) 104, 123–24.
    1. See also Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre (Wangka Maya)
    2. documentation, of 123
    3. endangered 123
    4. literacy in, 124
    5. Strelley Literacy Centre 123
    6. translation 124
    7. William (Nyaparu) Gardiner 124
  34. Nyawaygi (language) 93, 95
    1. workshops 94, 358

O

  1. object 213, 247, 299, 378.
    1. See also nouns
    2. function 379
    3. subject, and 378
    4. Subject-Verb-Object word order 299
  2. Onerwal (language)
    1. Certificate I qualification 171
  3. Oppliger, Amanda (linguist) 183, 186, 334
  4. oracy. See oral proficiency
  5. 449
  6. oral histories. See language source materials
  7. oral language transmission 133–34, 136, 139, 140, 233, 326, 373, 375–76, 384.
    1. See also master-apprentice model
  8. oral proficiency xxviii, 30, 32, 44, 135, 148, 165, 186, 226, 255, 265, 269–70.
    1. See also fluency; literacy
    2. Australian second language proficiency ratings (ASPLR) 271–74
    3. measurement of, 271–72
    4. New Brunswick second-language oral proficiency scale 271
    5. Proficiency guidelines: speaking 271
    6. Stanford Foreign Language Oral Skills Evaluation Matrix 271
  9. orthography 30, 46, 58, 65, 94, 113–16, 123, 133, 149, 157, 181, 244, 247–48, 255, 260, 266, 281–85, 295, 302, 304, 314–15, 378–82
    1. Australian English, of 265, 393
    2. Dharug, of 183, 266
    3. Dhurga, of 167, 175, 191
    4. English, of 265–66, 281–83, 295
    5. Gamilaraay, of 282, 404, 409
    6. Gunnai, of 374, 378–82
    7. Miriwoong, of 78
    8. Ngarrindjeri, of 387–91, 393, 395, 398
    9. phonemic 266, 282, 295
    10. pronunciation, and 296
    11. training in, 127
    12. Warrgamay, of 96
    13. Wergaia, of 241, 247–48, 315
    14. Yuwaalaraay, of 404

P

  1. Paakantji (language) 294–95
    1. nouns 294
    2. prepositions 294
    3. verb suffixes 294
  2. palatal. See also lamino-palatal
    1. consonants 362
    2. nasal 382
    3. sounds 332
    4. stops 296
  3. palato-alveolar affricates 296
  4. Pallanganmiddang (language) 314
  5. Pama-Nyungan (language family). See Yan-nhaŋu (language)
  6. Parkes East Public School (NSW) 71–72, 74, 257
    1. language program (Wiradjuri) 71–72
  7. Parkes High School (NSW) xix, 68, 70–71, 159
    1. language program (Wiradjuri) 71, 210–15
  8. parsers 327, 329–30, 333, 337.
    1. See also grammars
  9. Payungu Picture Dictionary 125–28
  10. Pearson, Noel 142
  11. phonemes 149, 283–85, 303, 374.
    1. See also phonemic orthographies; second language phonology; sounds
    2. consonant 285
    3. defined 282
    4. Dhurga 165
    5. Gamilaraay 282
    6. Ngarrindjeri 396
    7. palatal stops 296
    8. phonemic contrasts 295
    9. phonemic stops 295
    10. phonemic tone 298
    11. phonemic writing system 290
    12. pronunciation. See also pronunciation
    13. sound change 297
    14. vowel 285, 296
    15. Yuwaalaraay 282
  12. phonemic orthographies 293, 295, 302–04, 332
  13. phonetic script 304, 332.
    1. See also International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
  14. phonology. See phonemes
  15. Pigeon Hole School (NT) 226, 228–31, 235, 237
    1. language program (Bilinarra) 231
  16. Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre. See Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre (Wangka Maya)
  17. Pitjantjatjara (language) xiv, xvi.
    1. See also Ngapartji Ngapartji (touring show)
    2. arts workshops 84
    3. Big hART 84, 87
    4. CDs 85
    5. documentation, of 86
    6. DVDs 85
    7. 450
    8. Elders 84, 86
    9. endangered 85
    10. grammar 86
    11. language program 84–89
    12. linguists 84
    13. Ninti Mulapa 86
    14. translation 89
    15. website 84–86, 89
    16. workshops 85
  18. placenames. See toponyms
  19. policy. See education policy (languages)
  20. possessive
    1. constructions 243
    2. marking 379
    3. pronouns 97, 376, 380–83
    4. suffixes 377
  21. prefixes 299, 302
  22. prepositions 116, 333
    1. Kriol 236
    2. Paakantji 294
    3. Wiradjuri 299
  23. pronominal. See also pronouns
    1. forms 378
    2. meanings 378
  24. pronouns 46, 341, 382, 384, 391
    1. absolutive (non-active) 379, 382
    2. dual 376, 381–82
    3. ergative (active) 379, 382
    4. Gunnai 372, 375–81, 383–84
    5. Gurindji 236
    6. missing 382
    7. Ngemba 46
    8. personal 97, 376, 381
    9. plural 376, 381–82
    10. possessive 97, 376, 380–83
    11. shortened forms 333
    12. singular 376, 378, 381
    13. Warrgamay 97
    14. Wergaia 247
    15. Wiradjuri 211, 213, 222, 333
  25. pronunciation 43, 46, 56, 63, 65, 72, 94, 177, 182, 265–66, 268, 271, 294–96, 302, 304, 332, 334, 341, 343–44, 374, 382.
    1. See also sound files; sounds
    2. Bundjalung-Yugambeh, of 111
    3. consonants, of 266, 285
    4. Dharug, of 181, 185–86, 304
    5. Dhurga, of 165
    6. Gamilaraay, of 282, 403–04
    7. guides 115, 293, 296
    8. Gunnai, of 374, 380, 382
    9. influence of English, on 265, 293–305
    10. measurement of 271
    11. Ngarrindjeri, of 387–88, 392, 395
    12. Ngemba, of 46
    13. orthography and, 296
    14. Pilbara languages 124
    15. voiced stop 296
    16. vowels, of 266, 282, 304
    17. Wergaia, of 315
    18. Wiradjuri, of 299
    19. Yorta Yorta, of 315
    20. Yuwaalaraay, of 282, 403, 405, 415
  26. public signage (bilingual) 28, 76–77, 83, 148, 150, 233, 372
  27. Pundulmurra College (WA) 125–26
    1. Certificates in Aboriginal Language Work 125–26

Q

  1. qualifications (Aboriginal Language Teaching) 158, 165, 170–73, 175, 178.
    1. See also courses (teaching); Master of Indigenous Languages Education (MILE); certification
    2. Advanced Certificate in Aboriginal Language Work 126
    3. Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) 172
    4. Certificate III (TAFE NSW) 173, 180, 218, 272
    5. Certificate II (TAFE NSW) 115, 173, 180, 218, 272
    6. Certificate in Aboriginal Language Work 126
    7. Certificate I (TAFE NSW) 171, 173–74, 176–80, 218, 272
    8. Certificate IV (TAFE NSW) 115, 175, 179, 272
    9. demand for, 172
    10. development of, 171
    11. Graduate Diploma of Indigenous Languages Education 173
    12. National Training Information Service (NTIS) 173
    13. Statement of Attainment in Indigenous Language 171
    14. Teaching Qualifications Advisory Panel (TQAP), NSW 403
    15. 451
  2. Queensland Indigenous Languages Advisory Committee 356
  3. Queensland Indigenous Languages Project 356–57
  4. Queensland State Library. See State Library of Queensland (SLQ)

R

  1. Ramindjeri (dialect). See Ngarrindjeri (language)
  2. Raminyeri (dialect). See Ngarrindjeri (language)
  3. reconciliation 18, 49, 61, 82, 167, 214
    1. Aboriginal languages, and 142, 214
  4. Report on School-based Aboriginal Language Program Activity in NSW During 2006 162
  5. Reversing Language Shift model (RLS) 79–80, 232, 369
  6. Rhydwen, Mari 112, 160
  7. Rudder, Dr John, 67, 210–11, 217

S

  1. Samson & Delilah 88
  2. school-community partnerships 7, 41, 47, 54, 159–60, 175–76, 178, 189, 194–03, 205–07, 210–11, 214, 216–224, 256–59
  3. School of Australian Linguistics 120
  4. second language phonology 298
  5. sketch grammars. See grammars
  6. software 112, 334, 336, 359.
    1. See also Miromaa Language Program
    2. Audacity (sound editing) 334, 393
    3. Audiamus 114
    4. development of 324, 327
    5. Drupal 318
    6. Elluminate Live! 384
    7. FileMaker Pro 60, 311, 390–91, 406, 414
    8. Finale Songwriter 335
    9. Fluency 334
    10. games 335
    11. internet telephony 335
    12. LanguageWiki 325, 331, 335
    13. Lexique Pro 341
    14. Microsoft PowerPoint 334
    15. Natural Language Toolkit 333
    16. open source 311
    17. Shoebox 332–33, 341, 390
    18. Skype 335
    19. Toolbox 114, 116, 341–42, 378, 387, 390–91, 406
    20. Transcriber 114, 116
  7. songlines 38–39, 324
  8. songs 37, 43, 45–47, 86, 89, 95, 97, 115, 117, 283, 327–28, 353, 392, 422, 427
    1. Dharug 181, 183, 185–87, 335
    2. Dhurga 189, 191
    3. documentation of 427
    4. Finale Songwriter 335
    5. Gamalaŋga 365
    6. Kaurna 57
    7. songbook (Gamilaraay) 177
    8. Warrgamay 98
    9. Wiradjuri 71, 213–14, 222
    10. Yuwaalaraay 282, 403
  9. soundbooks 94
    1. Warrgamay 97
  10. sound files 331–32, 334–35, 337, 393.
    1. See also audio recordings
    2. pronunciation of Kaurna, for 63, 65, 343–44
    3. pronunciation of Wiradjuri, for 329
  11. sounds. See also Audacity sound editing software; audio recordings; phonemes; pronunciation
    1. Aboriginal languages, of 91–92, 94, 115–16, 183, 255, 266, 269, 282, 285, 288, 294–96, 301, 303–04, 331–32, 334, 336, 340–41, 346, 357–58.
    2. See also pronunciation
    3. Dharug, of 184–85
    4. Dhurga, of 163, 166–67, 297–98
    5. Gamilaraay, of 282–84, 403, 405–06, 408–10
    6. Gunnai, of 375, 379, 382
    7. Miriwoong, of 78, 149
    8. Ngarrindjeri, of 393, 398
    9. Wergaia, of 247, 249
  12. source materials. See language source materials
  13. speech synthesis technology 311, 332, 337
  14. spelling systems. See orthography
  15. Standard Australian English (SAE). See Australian English
  16. 452
  17. State Library of Queensland (SLQ) 352, 355, 356–60.
    1. See also Indigenous Knowledge Centres (IKCs)
    2. website 357, 359
  18. St Joseph’s Primary School (NSW) Yuwaalaraay language program 403
  19. St Mary’s Public School (NSW). See also Gumbaynggirr (language)
    1. Aboriginal language program 25–26
  20. Stolen Generations 76, 91, 199, 240, 327
  21. Strehlow, T.G.H xxv
  22. Strelley Literacy Centre 123
  23. Strong Language: Strong Culture (NSW report) 108
  24. subject 247, 299, 379
    1. agent, and 378
    2. object, and 378
    3. Subject-Verb-Object word order 299
  25. suffixes 333
    1. Gumbaynggirr 116
    2. Gunnai 377, 379–80, 382–83
    3. locative case 212–13, 299
    4. nominal 213, 222
    5. possessive 377
    6. verb suffixes 294
    7. Warrgamay 97
    8. Wergaia 248–49
    9. Wiradjuri 45, 211–13, 222, 299
    10. Yan-nhaŋu 364
  26. Sydney Aboriginal Language and Computing Centre (SALC)
    1. LanguageWiki 325
    2. website 325
    3. wordlist database 328
  27. syllables 266, 283, 332, 334, 365, 410
    1. unstressed 296, 304
  28. syllabus 69, 186, 227, 253.
    1. See also NSW Aboriginal Languages K-10 Syllabus
    2. development of, xviii, 3, 220, 254
  29. syntax 294, 324, 341
    1. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 342
    2. Field-Oriented Standard Format (FOSF) 341

T

  1. Taungurung (dialect). See Kulin (language family)
  2. teacher-linguists xxi, 111, 123, 241
    1. Ingram, Andrew 113
  3. teachers 7, 13, 16–17, 26–27, 30–31, 43–49, 53, 67–68, 70–71, 94–95, 98–99, 103, 106, 110–14, 119, 171–72, 267–70, 272, 276, 313, 324–25, 327, 331, 339, 352, 372, 388, 392, 403–04, 430.
    1. See also Master of Indigenous Languages Education (MILE); qualifications (Aboriginal Language Teaching)
    2. Aboriginal people, as 24, 43, 49, 69, 73, 99, 108, 162–63, 167, 174, 188, 190, 197, 200–04, 206, 218, 220–21, 223, 256, 258–59, 274, 404, 427
    3. cultural awareness of, 7, 27
    4. Elders as, 30
    5. fluency of, 273–74, 276, 278, 332
    6. General and Vocational Education and Training (VET) courses 171
    7. non-Aboriginal people, as, 99, 173, 202, 204–05
    8. NSW Office of the Board of Studies (OBOS), support from 69
    9. partnerships between, 48
    10. professional development 259
    11. training of, 31, 107–08, 115, 120, 151, 275, 278
    12. teaching Aboriginal languages. See also language immersion; qualifications (Aboriginal Language Teaching); teaching resources
    13. frameworks for, 48
    14. programs 69
    15. techniques 37–46, 71, 107, 149, 151
    16. theoretical foundation for, 148
    17. Western language models 141
  4. Teaching Methodology for Aboriginal Languages 259
  5. Teaching On Country (TOC) 139
  6. teaching resources 94, 96, 108, 110, 112, 114–17, 122–23, 125, 128, 134, 148.
    1. See also Aboriginal Languages of Victoria Resource Portal (ALV-RP); dictionaries; grammars; information technology (IT); software; websites
    2. A handbook of Aboriginal languages of NSW and the ACT 114
    3. 453
    4. Bamay Possum’s Party (book) 115
    5. Barriyala: Let’s Work (book) 115
    6. CDs 85, 114–15, 125–26, 177–78, 375
    7. Dulaybam Dunggiir (book) 115
    8. DVDs 85, 104, 117, 122, 124, 128
    9. Gumbaynggirr Language Student Workbooks 115
    10. illustrated books 110, 375
    11. Mayalambala: Let’s Move It (book) 115
    12. Payungu Picture Dictionary 125–27
    13. Teaching Methodology for Aboriginal Languages 259
  7. Technical and Further Education (TAFE) NSW 158, 165, 170–71, 173–80, 218.
    1. See also courses (teaching); qualifications (Aboriginal Language Teaching)
    2. General and Vocational Education and Training (VET) courses 171
    3. Illawarra Institute 173, 175
    4. Keeping Aboriginal Languages Strong workshop 173
    5. Moruya campus 174–75
    6. New England Institute 176
    7. Social Inclusion and Vocational Access (SI&VA) Skills Unit 171, 174
    8. South Western Sydney Institute 178
  8. Ten canoes 88
  9. Thalanyji (language) xv, 104, 121, 127.
    1. See also Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre (Wangka Maya)
    2. Buurabalayji-Thalanyji Association 121
    3. dictionary 121
    4. documentation, of 121
    5. endangered 121
    6. ethnobotanical plant book 121, 128
    7. fluency in, 121
    8. language program 121
    9. Ngambunyjarri 121
    10. sketch grammar 128
  10. Thunghutti Tiddas Aboriginal Corporation. See Dhanggati (language)
  11. Tindale, Norman 394, 398, 408
  12. toponyms 28, 54, 57–58, 61–62, 64–65, 76–77, 80, 82, 94, 98, 110, 115–16, 148, 266, 297, 304.
    1. See also public signage (bilingual)
    2. Dharawal 179
    3. Dharug 28, 181, 184, 187
    4. Dhurga 164
    5. Gamilaraay 409–10, 415
    6. Geographical Names Board of NSW (GNB) 28
    7. Gumbaynggirr 115–16
    8. Kaurna xiii, 56–60
    9. Kaurna Placenames website 54, 61–62, 64–65
    10. Miriwoong 76–77, 80, 82
    11. Ngarrindjeri 397
    12. Warrgamay 98
    13. Yaygirr/Yaegl 110
  13. transcription 123–25, 127, 198, 200, 328, 333, 336, 368, 396, 405, 408–9, 421–22, 427, 429
    1. Transcriber (software) 114, 116
  14. transitive verbs 212, 404–05, 411
  15. translation 86, 127, 233, 246, 327–29, 331–33, 335, 365, 368, 392, 408–09, 411–12, 426
    1. Aboriginal languages to English 43–44, 56, 81, 124, 181, 326, 333, 395, 404, 413
    2. Bible, of the 123, 397
    3. Dharug, into 181, 184
    4. English to Aboriginal languages 43, 222, 333, 395, 404
    5. Gumbaynggirr, into 115
    6. Gurindji, into 231
    7. Kaurna, into 56–58, 60, 65
    8. machine, by 311
    9. Nyangumarta, from 124
    10. Pitjantjatjara, into 89
    11. songs, of 115, 222
    12. speeches, of 115
    13. Wergaia, from 248
    14. Wergaia, into 240, 250
    15. Wiradjuri, into 71, 222

U

  1. Umpila (language). See Lockhart River case study

V

  1. verbs 299, 331, 391, 411
    1. Gamilaraay 404
    2. Gunnai 383
    3. 454
    4. Gurindji 230–31, 236
    5. intransitive 212, 404–05, 411
    6. morphology of 377
    7. Ngarinyman 236
    8. tense in 97, 333
    9. transitive 212, 404–05, 411
    10. verb suffixes 294
    11. Wiradjuri 211–13, 222, 333
    12. Yuwaalaraay 404
  2. Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages (VACL) xv, 241, 250, 301, 313–15, 372, 376, 384.
    1. See also Lodjba Koori Language Centre
    2. website 301
    3. workshop 384
  3. Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE)
    1. Indigenous Languages of Victoria, revival and reclamation: Victorian Certificate of Education study design 160, 240, 242, 247, 250, 313, 374
  4. Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA) 240–42, 313, 320.
  5. Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) 241
  6. Victorian School of Languages (VSL) 241, 251, 320
  7. Victoria River District (VRD) NT 225–28, 230, 232, 234–36.
    1. See also Bilinarra (language); Kalkaringi School (NT); Karrangpurru (language); language mixing; language programs (Aboriginal); Ngarinyman (language); Pigeon Hole School (NT); Yarralin School (NT)
  8. Vincentia High School (NSW) xviii, 174, 188–93
    1. Besold, Jutta 190–91
    2. Brown, Colleen 189
    3. Ford, Helen 189
    4. Lane, Karen xviii, 189
    5. Martin, Mitch xviii, 190–93
    6. Pussell, Helen 189
    7. Worthy, Gary 189, 257
  9. visible language policy 10–12, 14, 18.
    1. See also invisible language policy; Maintenance of Indigenous Languages and Records program (MILR)
  10. vocabulary 42, 46–48, 57, 94, 97, 111, 163, 184, 191, 242, 254–55, 288, 300, 302–03, 324, 331, 336.
    1. See also wordlists
    2. Bilinarra 229
    3. Dharug 328
    4. Dhurga 163, 167, 185, 191–93
    5. Gamilaraay 409–10, 412
    6. Gunnai 376–81
    7. Gurindji 229–31, 235
    8. Kaurna 57
    9. measurement of 271
    10. Miriwoong 147, 149–50, 152
    11. new, development of 294
    12. Ngarinyman 229
    13. Warrgamay 97
    14. Wergaia 241–42, 245–46, 249–50, 315
    15. Wiradjuri 213, 221–23
    16. Yan-nhaŋu 364
    17. Yitha-Yitha/Dadi-Dadi 28
    18. Yuwaalaraay 410, 412
  11. vowels 266, 285, 303–04, 398, 409
    1. Australian English 285, 297
    2. Gamilaraay 282, 296, 409–10
    3. length contrasts, of 297, 303, 409–10
    4. Māori 297–98
    5. Ngarrindjeri 398
    6. phonemes 285, 296
    7. pronunciation of 266, 282, 304
    8. sounds of 285, 303
    9. unstressed, neutralisation of 296–97
    10. Wergaia 249
    11. Wiradjuri 299
    12. Yolŋu Matha 266

W

  1. Wadi Wadi (people) 188.
    1. See also Dhurga (language)
  2. Wagiman (language) xxii, 345
    1. mobile phone dictionary 345
  3. Wailwan (language)
    1. Certificate I qualification 171
  4. Walgett High School (NSW)
    1. Gamilaraay-Yuwaalaraay language program 403–05
  5. Wanarruwa. See Awabakal-Wanarruwa (language)
  6. Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language
    1. Centre (Wangka Maya) xv, 103–04, 109, 119–20, 121–29.
    2. 455
    3. See also Bayungu (language); Ngarluma (language); Nyangumarta (language); Payungu Picture Dictionary; Thalanyji (language)
    4. administration 128
    5. audio recordings held by, 125
    6. language documentation, by 126–27
    7. language revitalisation strategy 119–20, 126–29
    8. linguists 124–25, 127–28
    9. specialist services 128–29
  7. Wangkumarra (language)
    1. Certificate I qualification 171
  8. Warlpiri (language) xvi
    1. dictionary 343
  9. Warrgamay (language) 90, 93, 95–96.
    1. See also toponyms
    2. Elders 96–97
    3. fluency in 97
    4. language program xxi, 90, 93, 95–99
    5. orthography of, 96
    6. pronouns 97
    7. songs 98
    8. soundbook 97
    9. suffixes 97
    10. verbs 97
    11. vocabulary 97
    12. workshops 93, 97–98, 358
  10. Warrimay (language) 110
  11. Warrnambool (language) 314
  12. Warrungu (language) 96
  13. websites xvi, 4, 54, 61–62, 64–65, 83–86, 89, 316, 319, 337, 357.
    1. See also Aboriginal Languages of Victoria Resource Portal (ALVRP); information technology (IT); software
    2. Dharug 187, 335
    3. Gamilaraay 403
    4. Kaurna Placenames website 54, 61–62, 64–65
    5. Ngapartji Ngapartji (Pitjantjatjara) 84–86, 89
    6. Ninti 86
    7. State Library of Queensland (SLQ) 359
    8. Sydney Aboriginal Language and Computing Centre (SALC) 325
    9. Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages 301
    10. Yuwaalaraay 403
  14. Welcome to Country (ceremony) 4, 46, 56–57, 67, 70, 72, 77, 81, 83, 98, 113, 115, 214
  15. Wergaia (language) 160, 245, 314.
    1. See also Wotjobaluk (people)
    2. audio-recordings of 243
    3. dictionary 160, 249
    4. grammar 160, 241, 243, 246, 248
    5. linguist 241
    6. nouns 248
    7. orthography 241, 247–48, 315
    8. pronouns 247
    9. pronunciation 315
    10. reconstruction 160, 240–51
    11. sketch grammar 245
    12. sounds of 247, 249
    13. suffixes 248–49
    14. translation 240, 246, 248, 250
    15. vocabulary 241–42, 245–46, 249, 315
    16. vowels 249
    17. Wergaia Community Grammar and Dictionary 240, 242–43, 250
    18. wordlist 241, 243, 251
    19. workshops 241, 243, 247
  16. Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) 150
  17. Wiradjuri (language) xix, 37–49, 67–74, 182, 216, 294, 327–28.
    1. See also Dubbo College (NSW); Grant (Snr), Stan; McNaboe, Diane; Parkes East Public School (NSW); Parkes High School (NSW)
    2. adjectives 333
    3. audio recordings 332
    4. Certificate I qualification 171
    5. curricula 159
    6. dictionary 217
    7. Elders’ Council xiii, 67, 73, 217–18, 222–23, 257
    8. fluency in, 68, 70, 213
    9. grammar 212, 222–23
    10. language database 325
    11. language parser 333
    12. language program xix, 48, 210–13, 218, 257
    13. literacy 332
    14. locative case suffix 299
    15. nouns 211, 213, 299, 333
    16. 456
    17. prepositions 299
    18. pronouns 211, 213, 222, 333
    19. pronunciation 299
    20. songs 71, 213–14, 222
    21. sound file 329
    22. Statement of Attainment in Indigenous Language 171
    23. suffixes 45, 213, 222, 299
    24. verbs 211–13, 222, 333
    25. vocabulary 213, 221–23
    26. vowels 299
    27. Windradyne, A Wiradjuri Koori (book) 214
    28. wordlist 213
    29. wordlist database 329
    30. workshops 69–70, 212, 218, 222, 257, 325
  18. Woiwurrung (dialect). See Kulin (language family)
  19. Wonnarua (language) 113.
    1. See Awabakal-Wanarruwa (language)
    2. Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation 110
  20. Worawa Independent Aboriginal College (Victoria) xiv, 313, 320
  21. wordlists 116, 244, 269, 293, 318, 325, 331, 333, 337, 373, 421.
    1. See also vocabulary; dictionaries
    2. comparative 312
    3. Dharug 304, 325
    4. electronic 328, 333, 335, 359, 396–98
    5. field recordings of 328
    6. Gunnai 374, 376–77, 381–83
    7. Kaurna 56
    8. learning models, based on 160, 185, 226–27, 232, 235, 327, 330–31
    9. Ngarluma 122
    10. Ngarrindjeri 387–91, 394–99
    11. Sydney Aboriginal Language and Computing Centre (SALC) database 325, 328
    12. Taungurung 374
    13. Wergaia 241, 243, 251
    14. Wiradjuri 213
    15. Wiradjuri database 329
    16. Yuwaalaraay 404, 409
    17. Yuwaalaraay-Gamilaraay 404–05, 408, 414
  22. workshops xx, 94, 115, 136, 139, 220, 259–60, 325, 355, 374, 425–26
    1. Arwarbukarl Cultural Resource Association (ACRA) 359
    2. Australian Languages Workshop (2009) 346
    3. community 176, 190, 218, 220, 325
    4. Dhurga 176, 190, 193
    5. Djirrbal 93, 358
    6. Dunghutti 171
    7. Gamilaraay 171, 176–77
    8. Girramay 93, 358
    9. Gudjal 94, 358
    10. Gumbaynggirr 171
    11. Gunnai 374
    12. information and communication technology (ICT), on 107
    13. Kaurna 57, 59
    14. Keeping Aboriginal Languages Strong 173
    15. language awareness xxi, 90, 93–95, 97–98, 176–77, 241, 243, 247, 358
    16. Nambucca 113
    17. Ngadjan 93, 358
    18. Ngarrindjeri 392
    19. Nyawaygi 94, 358
    20. Pitjantjatjara 84–85
    21. professional development 259, 393
    22. Queensland Indigenous Languages Project, by 352, 355, 357–58
    23. teaching techniques, on 107
    24. training 59, 69–70, 84–85, 171, 193, 212, 220, 222, 241, 259–60, 352, 355, 357, 359
    25. Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages (VACL) 384
    26. Warrgamay 93, 358
    27. Wergaia 241, 243, 247
    28. Wiradjuri 69–70, 212, 218, 222, 257, 325
  23. Wotjobaluk (people) 160, 240, 244, 249–50.
    1. See also Wergaia (language)
    2. Beer, Jennifer 241
    3. native title claim 313
    4. Pickford, Bronwyn 160
  24. writing systems 255, 281, 283, 303–04
    1. non-phonemic 304
    2. phonemic 290, 304
457

X

  1. XML. See Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Y

  1. Yan-nhaŋu (language) 361–69
    1. audio recordings of 366, 368
    2. dictionary 365, 368
    3. Djambarrpuyŋu, parallel translations 368
    4. endangered 367, 369
    5. fluency in, 363, 366
    6. grammar 365, 368
    7. Language Nests 365
    8. learners’ guide 368
    9. linguist, use of 368
    10. Milingimbi Literature Production Centre 365
    11. pictorial encyclopedia (talking) 365
    12. Sea Ranger Program 365
    13. suffixes 364
    14. vocabulary 364
    15. Yan-nhaŋu Ecological Knowledge (YEK) 365
  2. Yan-nhaŋu (people) xiv, 366–67
    1. ethnographic descriptions 364
    2. kinship relationships 363–64
  3. Yarralin School (NT) 226, 228–31, 235
  4. Yaygirr/Yaegl (language) 110, 114.
    1. See also toponyms
    2. language program 110
  5. Yindjibarndi (language) 122
  6. Yitha-Yitha/Dadi-Dadi (language) 28
    1. grammar 28
    2. language program 28
    3. vocabulary 28
  7. Yolŋu Matha (language family) xvi, 390.
    1. See also Burarra (language); Dhuwala (language); Djambarrpuyŋu (language); Gumatj (language); Yan-nhaŋu (language) Dhuwal. See Dhuwal (language)
    2. vowels 266
  8. Yolŋu (people) xxix, 99–100, 142, 362
  9. Yorta Yorta (language) 314–15
    1. pronunciation 315
    2. vocabulary 315
  10. Yorta Yorta (people)
    1. native title claim 313
  11. Yuin (community). See Dhurga (language)
  12. Yuwaalaraay (language) xvi, 218.
    1. See also Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay & Yuwaalayaay Dictionary (GYYD); Gamilaraay (language); Walgett High School (NSW); Yuwaalayaay (language)
    2. adjectives 411
    3. audio recordings of 403, 408–09
    4. CD 405
    5. Certificate I qualification 171
    6. Gaay Yuwaalaraay 405
    7. grammar 403–06
    8. language program 403–04
    9. orthography 404
    10. phonemes in, 282
    11. pronunciation 282, 403, 405, 415
    12. sketch grammar 413
    13. songs 282, 403
    14. sources of words 404, 408–10
    15. transcriptions 409
    16. verbs 404
    17. vocabulary 410, 412
    18. website 403
    19. wordlist 409
    20. wordlist, Yuwaalaraay-Gamilaraay 404–05, 408, 413–14
  13. Yuwaalayaay (language) 402, 406.
    1. See also Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay & Yuwaalayaay Dictionary (GYYD)
  14. Yaama Maliyaa 404
  15. Yuwaalayaay-Language of the Narran River 404
458

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