Figure 1.1 Map showing east coast of Victoria.
Figure 1.2 Map of Port Albert region.
Figure 2.2 An early form of European drag net.
Figure 2.3 Two methods of seine netting.
Figure 2.4 A drift net being set.
Figure 2.5 Australian colonial fishing vessels and crew.
Figure 2.6 A nut-cracker hand winch.
Figure 2.7 A mangle hand winch.
Figure 2.8 ‘The old fish track’ route.
Figure 2.9 The waterways of south Gippsland.
Figure 2.10 Indigenous Kurnai women fishing.
Figure 2.13 An early-style Australian oyster dredge.
Figure 3.1 Map of Canton (Guangdong).
Figure 3.2 A fish cut into strips.
Figure 3.3 The British bombing of Canton during the first Opium War from 1839 to 1842.
Figure 3.4 An 1866 wood engraving of Lowe Kong Meng.
Figure 3.5 Wood engraving of Chinese immigrants.
Figure 4.1 Known Chinese fish-curing establishments in New South Wales.
Figure 4.2 The Moo Tai Mue Chinese fishermen’s temple.
Figure 4.3 The only known Chinese fish-curing establishment in South Australia.
Figure 4.4 Known Chinese fish-curing establishments in Tasmania.
Figure 4.5 Two wood engravings of Chinese fishermen.
Figure 4.6 Chinese fishermen at Long Chinaman’s Beach, Wilson’s Promontory.
Figure 4.7 Map of South Gippsland waterways showing Fahey’s Point.
Figure 4.8 Plan drawing of site at Fahey’s Point.
Figure 4.9 Shaving Point, Metung.
Figure 4.10 Location of known and inferred Chinese fish-curing establishments in Victoria.
Figure 4.11 Known regions of Chinese fish-curing activity in Australia.
Figure 4.12 B Robert’s engraving Chinese fishing by moonlight c. 1873.
Figure 4.13 The Australian schnapper (Chrysophrys guttulatus).
Figure 4.14 Common Australian squid (Sepioteuthis australis). xi
Figure 4.15 Australian abalone (Haliotis naevosa).
Figure 4.18 Two varieties of the American sturgeon fish.
Figure 5.2 Map of the east coast of Victoria.
Figure 5.3 Map of the Port Albert region.
Figure 5.4 Vegetation cover on the Chainman’s Point site area.
Figure 5.5 The rapidly eroding condition of Chinaman’s Point.
Figure 5.6 Plan of the Chinaman’s Point site.
Figure 5.8 Cross-section of gutter system showing soil matrix and artefact zone.
Figure 5.9 Schematic diagram showing stratigraphy and Harris matrix for area 1.
Figure 5.10 A common 19th-century European iron-hooped 164-litre wooden barrel cask.
Figure 5.11 Stratigraphy and Harris matrix for area 2.
Figure 5.12 Cross-section of excavated post remains.
Figure 5.13 Plan diagram and photograph of excavated area 3.
Figure 5.14 Low fish-drying racks.
Figure 5.15 Schematic diagram showing stratigraphy and Harris matrix for area 3.
Figure 5.16 Bottle glass displaying hinged-breakage patterns.
Figure 5.17 Schematic diagram showing stratigraphy and Harris matrix for area 4.
Figure 5.18 Site reconstruction.
Figure 6.1 Site grid and one-by-one metre breakdown used for artefact province details.
Figure 6.2 One-page example of the Chinaman’s Point artefact catalogue.
Figure 6.3 Square shaft, cut plate, rose head nails.
Figure 6.4 Location map for Moruya to Bermagui, South Coast, New South Wales.
Figure 6.5 Hand-moulded mud brick.
Figure 6.6 Common 19th-century cast iron spout.
Figure 6.7 Robust pouring spout.
Figure 6.8 Curved cast iron cooking pot fragments.
Figure 6.9 Stumpy iron pot feet.
Figure 6.12 Cask hoop (with rivets).
Figure 6.13 A Chinese-style timber cask.
Figure 6.14 Chinese spouted jar and Chinese wide-mouthed shouldered jar.
Figure 6.15 Drawing of a wide-mouthed shouldered jar.
Figure 6.16 Chinese globular jar and straight-sided jar.
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Figure 6.17 Fragments of unglazed lid/shallow bowls.
Figure 6.18 The two most common types of Chinese ginger jar.
Figure 6.19 Chinese ginger jar rim fragments.
Figure 6.20 Base fragment of common European bung jar.
Figure 6.21 Suspected box hasp.
Figure 6.22 Map of Gippsland’s main colonial goldfields.
Figure 6.23 Deliberate modification marks on bottle base fragments.
Figure 6.24 Reconstruction of oil lamps.
Figure 6.26 Three common types of aqua-blue or light blue applied single-bottle collars or finishes.
Figure 6.28 A Chinese liquor bottle.
Figure 6.29 Chinese spouted jar and fragments.
Figure 6.30 Three sizes of Chinese celadon bowl.
Figure 6.31 Manufacture marks in the foot ring of celadon bowls.
Figure 6.32 Chinese tz’u shards.
Figure 6.33 Chinese spoon sherds.
Figure 6.34 Two separate decorative forms of barrel-shaped Chinese teapot sherds.
Figure 6.35 European plate ceramics.
Figure 6.36 Corroded anchor remains.
Figure 6.37 Mass of oil-based paint.
Figure 6.38 Deliberately burred copper nails.
Figure 6.39 Selection of lead net sinkers.
Figure 6.40 Corroded balance scales.
Figure 6.41 Broken slate pencil and writing board.
Figure 6.42 Spent bullet cartridge.
Figure 6.43 Corroded and broken section of a bayonet or sword blade.
Figure 6.44 Corroded Chinese-style metal cleaver.
Figure 6.45 Glass and metal buttons.
Figure 6.46 Opium smoking pipe, bowl and other parts.
Figure 6.47 Common opium smoking bowl shapes, designs and artefacts.
Figure 6.48 Opium-bowl connectors.
Figure 6.49 Two typical opium-lamp types.
Figure 6.50 Typical opium-lamp shades and opium-lamp shade fragments.
Figure 6.51 Modified bottle bases for the purpose of opium smoking.
Figure 6.52 Potential method of modified bottle-base use.
Figure 6.53 Reinforcing strips and other opium-can pieces.
Figure 6.54 Opium cans modified into ‘funs trays’.
Figure 7.1 Selection of common nail types from Australian sites.
Figure 7.3 Turn marks visible on a shard of amber-coloured bottle glass.