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Contents
About the Series
President’s Introduction
Foreword
A Retrospective Introduction
Abbreviations
Chapter 1
Introduction: The Problem Defined
Research questions
Fieldwork
The site
Excavations
Documentary resources
Chapter 2
Excavations and Architecture
VICTORIA RUBBISH DUMP
VM surface collection
VM excavations
VICTORIA RUBBISH DUMP No. 2
THE HOSPITAL COMPLEX
The hospital surface collection
THE HOSPITAL
VH architecture
VH excavations
HOSPITAL DISPENSARY
VHD architecture
VHD excavations
HOSPITAL KITCHEN
VHK architecture
VHK excavations
MARRIED QUARTERS
VMQ architecture
VMQ chimney no. 1
Conclusion
VMQ excavations
QUARTERMASTER’S STORE
VQS architecture
VQS excavations
SHELL FLOOR No. 1
VSF excavations – structure
VSFI excavations – artefacts
Summary of VSF1
SHELL FLOOR No. 2
VSFII excavation
VSFII finds
OFFICERS’ MESS
VOM architecture
VOM excavations
VOM discussion
STORE D
VSD architecture
VSD excavations
VSD discussion
BAKE HOUSE
VB architecture
vi
THE SMITHY
VS architecture
VS excavations
VS discussion
COWRIE HOUSE
VCH architecture
VCH discussion
ABORGINAL MIDDEN No. 1
VAM excavations
VAM finds
VAM shell sample
VAM radiocarbon 14 estimation
VAM discussion
ABORIGINAL MIDDEN No. 2
VAMII finds
GENERAL SURFACE COLLECTIONS
OTHER ARCHITECTURE
MAGAZINE
KILNS
CEMETERY
JETTY
GOVERNMENT HOUSE
WELLS
SAWPIT
STONELINE
EARTHWORKS
QUARRIES
ARCHITECTURAL REMAINS OUTSIDE THE SETTLEMENT
CONVALESCENT STATIONS
SMITH POINT BEACON
Chapter 3
Pottery
ARNOLD PILLING’S CLASSIFICATION
THE PORT ESSINGTON POTTERY CLASSIFICATION
CLASS 1 – PORCELAIN
Undecorated porcelain
Overglaze polychrome porcelain
Blue on white porcelain
Transfer printed porcelain
CLASS 2 – EARTHENWARE (WHITE CLAYWARES)
Transfer Printed Wares
Green floral transfer ware
Green scenic transfer ware
Green geometric transfer ware
Green and red floral transfer ware
Red floral transfer ware
Red scenic transfer ware
Brown floral transfer ware
Blue scenic transfer ware
Blue scenic transfer ware (Willow Pattern)
Blue floral transfer ware
Blue geometric transfer ware
vii
Green featheredge ware
Blue featheredge ware
Blue spatter ware
Undecorated white glaze ware
Line decorated ware
Hand painted ware
Flowing blue ware
CLASS 2 – EARTHENWARE (COLOURED CLAYWARES)
Mocha ware
Unglazed wheel-made ware
Salt glaze stoneware
Macassan ware
Rim glazed stoneware
Nga-kwun ware
UNIDENTIFIED POTTERY
DISCUSSION
Shape
Dating the pottery
Marked Items
Type Ranges
Clay Pipes
The Port Essington clay pipe collection
Dating the clay pipes
Chapter 4
Glass
TYPE A GLASS: THE ABORIGINAL ARTEFACTS
Base cores
Cutting flakes
Retouched implements
Utilised flakes
Waste flakes
Discussion – Type A glass
TYPE B GLASS
Rims
Bases
Complete bottles
Glass bottle seals
The Château Margaux seals
The ‘Crown’ seals
The ‘AH’ seal
Other glass items
Discussion – Type B glass
TYPE C GLASS
Chapter 5
Metal, Stone and Bone
METAL
Iron and lead
Copper
Coins
Brass
Uniform insignia
Buttons
STONE
viii
Aboriginal stone artefacts
European stone – gunflints
BONE
Chapter 6
The Establishment of Port Essington
MELVILLE ISLAND AND RAFFLES BAY
The lessons of Melville Island and Raffles Bay
1829–1838. ARGUMENTS FOR A NEW ATTEMPT TO SETTLE NORTH AUSTRALIA: George Windsor Earl
Sir John Barrow and the maintenance of British sovereignty in north Australia
The financial administration of Port Essington
CONCLUSION
Chapter 7
The Political Background
ARRIVAL AT PORT ESSINGTON: Choosing a site for the settlement
THE POLITICAL MANAGEMENT OF PORT ESSINGTON: Attempts to open the colony to settlers
CONFUSIONS OF AUTHORITY
ADMINISTRATIVE EQUIVOCATION: The decline and demise of Port Essington
Chapter 8
Life at Port Essington
THE FIRST GARRISON 1838–1844: Getting started
The arrival of the French
Progress
Captain John Mcarthur, Acting Commandant and Commandant 1839–1849
The tropical environment and the 1839 hurricane
Tropical predators
Vernacular architecture
Professional architecture
Kitchen gardens and tropical horticulture
Local game and introduced livestock
Malaria: onset
THE SECOND GARRISON 1844–49: HOLDING ON
Malaria: taking hold
Small group personality conflicts
The tyranny of isolation
ABORIGINAL CONTACT
INTERACTIONS WITH MACASSANS
THE OVERLAND ROUTE
Chapter 9
Conclusions
DENOUEMENT: SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
A limpet port
A missionary presence
European legacies
THE USE OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN AUSTRALIAN COLONIAL HISTORY
Documentary history and historical archaeology
The methodology of historical archaeology
Bibliography
About the Author
Copyright