List of Figures, Plates and Maps

  1. Plate 1 Gorge at Möwehafen. Fissure in a raised coral reef, widened by erosion
  2. Fig. 1 Coral limestone rock, coast of St George’s Channel
  3. Map 1 The Bismarck Archipelago
  4. Fig. 2 Kaije volcano overlooking Blanche Bay
  5. Fig. 3 River valley of the Karo, Baining Mountains
  6. Plate 2 Robert Koch Spring on the Willaumez Peninsula
  7. Fig. 4 Waterfall in a neighbouring valley of the Karo, Baining Mountains
  8. Fig. 5 Möwehafen
  9. Fig. 6 Party on the Pulié River, 10 kilometres from the mouth
  10. Plate 3 A group on the island of Aveleng. Raised coral banks
  11. Map 2 New Britain
  12. Fig. 7 Women of the Gazelle Peninsula
  13. Plate 4 Men of the Arawa Islands
  14. Fig. 8 Men of the Baining
  15. Fig. 9 Women of the Baining
  16. Fig. 10 Youth from the Möwehafen region
  17. Plate 5 The laying out of a corpse. Gazelle Peninsula
  18. Fig. 11 Mother and child. Gazelle Peninsula
  19. Fig. 12 Mother and child. Gazelle Peninsula
  20. Fig. 13 Women in mourning. Gazelle Peninsula
  21. Plate 6 Sinking fish baskets (wup na tatakia), Gazelle Peninsula
  22. Fig. 14 Rooster mask. Gazelle Peninsula
  23. Plate 7 New Guinea type of canoe on the ‘Lieblichen Inseln’
  24. Fig. 15 Prow of the kakala
  25. Fig. 16 Prow of the pongpong
  26. Fig. 17 Trepanned skulls from the Gazelle Peninsula
  27. Fig. 18 Trepanned skulls from the Gazelle Peninsula
  28. Fig. 19 Boy with deep scars on his forehead
  29. Plate 8 Clubs. Gazelle Peninsula

    1. mapina kumu;
  30. 2. palau bubu;
  31. 3. tawa or talum;
  32. 4. aul kubar;
  33. 5. tiara;
  34. 6. bakul;
  35. 7. bau;
  36. 8. boroï or pal a vat;
  37. 9. palau;
  38. 10. mukmuk;
  39. 11. biri birika
  40. Plate 9 Baining women bearing loads
  41. Fig. 20 Ornamental objects from the Gazelle Peninsula (see page 65).

    1. and 2. collars middi; 3. to 8. headbands (3. and 6. rărā na babat; 4. and 5. rărā na vinarua; 7. and 8. wamaing); 9. girdle wipit; 10. and 11. hair ornaments kalaqi na warqu; 12. necklace ngut.
  42. Plate 10 Sulka men in front of their huts; on the left is a rich harvest of taro tubers
  43. Fig. 21 Village scene in the Baining territory
  44. Plate 11 Group of Sulka men
  45. Fig. 22 Baining objects

    1. to 12. dance items; 13. to 17. weapons; 18. to 20. nets and pouches
  46. Plate 12 Group of women from the ‘Liebliche Inseln’
  47. Plate 13 Village scene at Nakanai
  48. Fig. 23 Group of women from the ‘Liebliche Inseln’. (The children show the wrapping of the head)
  49. Plate 14 Youth from Unea (French Islands)
  50. Fig. 24 Men of Möwehafen
  51. Fig. 25 Decorations and other items from the French Islands

    1. and 2. lime spatula; 3. and 4. hair pin; 5. headband; 6. and 7. armbands; 8. lime container; 9. girdle; 10. and 11. chest ornament; 12. and 13. necklaces; 14. armband; 15. chest ornament; 16. hair ornament
  52. Fig. 26 Items of decoration from the Willaumez Peninsula and the adjacent coast

    1. to 7., and 13. armlets; 8. and 9. earrings; 10. and 11. girdle; 12. necklaces; 14. chest ornament; 15. turtle shell arm rings; 16. girdle ornament (rattle); 17. and 18. head rings
  53. Fig. 27 Items of decoration from the south coast of New Britain

    1. chest ornament; 2. and 3. chest ornament with necklace; 4. earrings; 5. money cord (also necklace).
  54. Fig. 28 Decoration of a Trochus armlet
  55. Fig. 29 Men of Mérite (French Islands)
  56. Plate 15 Village on the French Islands (Naraga)
  57. Fig. 30 Cords of Nassa snail shells for wrapping the spear shaft

    a. Upper surface;
  58. b. Underside
  59. Fig. 31 Attachment of the barbs to the spear by binding
  60. Fig. 32 Clubs of the Sulka and O Mengen
  61. Fig. 33 Clubs from the region between Jacquinot Bay and Montague Bay
  62. Fig. 34 Stone axe from the Normanby Islands
  63. Fig. 35 Sulka shield [back (left) and front]
  64. Fig. 36 O Mengen shield [front (left) and back]
  65. Fig. 37 Shield and spears from the French Islands
  66. Fig. 38 Shield from South Cape [front (left) and back]
  67. Fig. 39 Stone axe blade from Willaumez
  68. Plate 16 (Top) Village scene on the ‘Liebliche Inseln’
  69. Fig. 40 (Above) Village scene at Kombiuß (‘Liebliche Inseln’). House of the Kaiser Wilhelmsland type
  70. Fig. 41 Probable shape of Australia at the beginning of the Tertiary Period. (Present-day Australia is drawn in outline)
  71. Map 3 New Ireland
  72. Fig. 42 Northern tip of the island of Nusa. Raised coral reefs
  73. Plate 17 Girl from northern New Ireland
  74. Plate 18 The house in which a young girl is incarcerated before marriage

    Above: The small hut where the girl spends her time is visible in the background

    Below: Side wall of the hut removed
  75. Fig. 43 Musical instrument from New Ireland
  76. Fig. 44 Ornamented part of a spear from New Hanover
  77. Fig. 45 Decoration of a club from New Ireland
  78. Plate 19 Spears from St Matthias and Emirau

    1. Fishing spear; 2. to 6. spear tips; 7. to 11. shaft ends.
  79. Fig. 46 Chest ornament (kapkap)

    1. to 7. older pieces from New Ireland; 8. to 9. from New Hanover; 10. to 14. from the Admiralty Islands
  80. Fig. 47 Armring of Trochus shell
  81. Fig. 48 Canoe prow from southern New Ireland
  82. Fig. 49 Apparatus for shark-catching. New Ireland

    1. float; 2. rattle; 3. noose; 4. club
  83. Plate 20 Dance sticks of the St Matthias women
  84. Fig. 50 Facial tattooing in Siara
  85. Fig. 51 Map of St Matthias
  86. Fig. 52 Men of St Matthias
  87. Figs 53 and 54 Women of St Matthias
  88. Plate 21 Village scene on Squally Island
  89. Fig. 55 Objects from St Matthias and Emirau
  90. Fig. 56 Decoration on spears and dance sticks
  91. Fig. 57 Decorations on spears and dance sticks (plant motifs, derived especially from coconut palm leaves)
  92. Plate 22 Pole village of the Moánus on Ndruval
  93. Fig. 58 Group of men from Squally Island
  94. Fig. 59 Group of men from Squally Island
  95. Fig. 60 Part of Lou Island
  96. Plate 23 Men’s house in the village of the Matánkor on Lou
  97. Fig. 61 Spears from the Admiralty Islands
  98. Fig. 62 Wooden bowl from the Admiralty Islands
  99. Fig. 63 Wooden bowl in the shape of a bird. Admiralty Islands
  100. Fig. 64 Wooden bowl in the form of a four-footed animal. Admiralty Islands
  101. Fig. 65 Decorations of ladles, water containers, and so on, of the Admiralty Islanders
  102. Fig. 66 Aprons from the Admiralty Islands

    a. men’s apron; b. women’s apron
  103. Plate 24 Moánus women from Lalobé with their children
  104. Fig. 67 Drum from the Admiralty Islands
  105. Map 4 The Admiralty Islands
  106. Fig. 68 Lalobé pole village of the Moánus tribe
  107. Plate 25 Matánkor women of the island of Lou. A number have mourning bands round their heads
  108. Plate 26 Matánkor village on Lou
  109. Plate 27 Men of the Moánus tribe from the village of Lalobé
  110. Fig. 69 Youths from Wuwulu
  111. Fig. 70 Weapons fom Wuwulu and Aua
  112. Fig. 71 Women from Aua
  113. Fig. 72 Wooden bowl from Wuwulu
  114. Fig. 73 Axeshaped spatula, Wuwulu
  115. Fig. 74 Men of Wuwulu are sitting on logs today
  116. Plate 28 Natives of the Matánkor tribe on the island of Lou
  117. Fig. 75 Canoe prow. Hermit Islands
  118. Plate 29 Village scene on Aua
  119. Fig. 76 Banniu harbour. North coast of Bougainville
  120. Plate 30 Sailing canoe from the Hermit Islands
  121. Plate 31 Outrigger of a canoe. Hermit Islands
  122. Fig. 77 Cremation of a corpse in Kieta on Bougainville
  123. Fig. 78 Very rare chief’s ornament of small shell discs
  124. Plate 32 Village scene at Ernst-Gunther-Hafen, northern Bougainville
  125. Fig. 79 Stone tools from the Solomon Islands (pestles)
  126. Fig. 80 Stone tools from the Solomon Islands (axe blades)
  127. Fig. 81 Stone tools from the Solomon Islands (stone axes with handles)
  128. Fig. 82 Spears from the Solomon Islands
  129. Plate 33 Buka women
  130. Fig. 83 Girls of Nukumanu (Tasman Islands)
  131. Fig. 84 Boys of Nukumanu (Tasman Islands)
  132. Fig. 85 Ancestral image of Pau-Pau. Nukumanu
  133. Fig. 86 Memorial of Loatu, Tauu
  134. Plate 34 Village scene on Nissan
  135. Fig. 87 Tattooing on Nukumanu. (Man, posterior and anterior aspects)
  136. Fig. 88 Tattooing on Nukumanu. (Woman, posterior and anterior aspects)
  137. Fig. 89 Ruvettus hook from Nukumanu
  138. Fig. 90 Canoe prow from Tauu
  139. Fig. 91 Wooden vessels. Eastern islands
  140. Fig. 92 Pounders. Eastern islands
  141. Fig. 93 Multi-pronged spears from Nukumanu
  142. Fig. 94 Whalebone club from Nukumanu
  143. Fig. 95 Shovel from Nuguria
  144. Plate 35 Shell money (kuamanu) from the island of Nissan. Various stages of preparation
  145. Fig. 96 Women of the Greenwich Islands
  146. Fig. 97 Weaver at work
  147. Fig. 98 Loom from Nukumanu. (The numbers refer to Table 2, above)
  148. Fig. 99 Stone bowl found on Mount Varzin, Gazelle Peninsula (about one-quarter actual size)
  149. Fig. 100 Stone pestle, found on Uatom (one-third actual size)
  150. Fig. 101 Stone bowl found on Nusa (one-third actual size)
  151. Fig. 102 Stone vessel found on Nusa (about one-eighth actual size)
  152. Plate 36 Clubs from Buka and Bougainville

    1. to 3. old chief’s clubs; 4. to 6. dance clubs
  153. Fig. 103 The duk-duk assembled for a public dance
  154. Fig. 104 The duk‑duk on the taraiu
  155. Plate 37 Village scene on Nukumanu
  156. Fig. 105 The duk-duk presents itself on the water
  157. Fig. 106 The duk-duk lands on the beach
  158. Plate 38 Women on Nukumanu
  159. Fig. 107 Skull masks from the Gazelle Peninsula
  160. Plate 39 Group of men on Nukumanu
  161. Fig. 108 Painted piece of bark of the Baining
  162. Plate 40 Artistically laid out taro garden on Nukumanu
  163. Fig. 109 Various patterns of painted bark
  164. Fig. 110 Various patterns of painted bark
  165. Fig. 111 Various patterns of painted bark
  166. Fig. 112 Mask from Cape Orford
  167. Fig. 113 Mask from Cape Orford
  168. Fig. 114 Mask from Cape Orford
  169. Fig. 115 Mask from the circumcision ceremonies. ‘Liebliche Inseln’ and Möwehafen
  170. Fig. 116 Kneeling mask-wearer from the French Islands
  171. Plate 41 Village scene on Tauu
  172. Fig. 117 Tatanua mask from New Ireland
  173. Fig. 118 Mask, New Ireland
  174. Fig. 119 Mask, New Ireland
  175. Fig. 120 Matua mask, front and side views. (Reproduced from Publikationen aus dem Königlichen Ethnographischen Museum zu Dresden, vol. XIII, plate 9. Dresden, Stengel & Co.)
  176. Fig. 121 Totok or kulibu carving. (Reproduced from Publikationen aus dem Königlichen Ethnographischen Museum zu Dresden, vol. X, plate 11, figs 1-3. Dresden, Stengel & Co.)
  177. Fig. 122 Carving as a memorial to the dead. (Reproduced from, Publikationen aus dem Königlichen Ethnographischen Museum zu Dresden, vol. XIII, plate 11, fig. 1. Dresden, Stengel & Co.)
  178. Fig. 123 Stone figures from southern New Ireland
  179. Fig. 124 Mask from Bougainville
  180. Plate 42 The surviving population of the island of Tauu
  181. Fig.125 Mask from Nissan
  182. Plate 43 The tubuan renders the last rites to the deceased
  183. Plate 44 Dancers, representing spirits
  184. Plate 45 The mabucha dance of the Baining
  185. Plate 46 The gifu mask of the Sulka tribe
  186. Plate 47 Dance at a circumcision ceremony. South coast of New Britain
  187. Plate 48 Mask house on New Ireland. In the lower row, ordinary dance masks (tatanua); in the upper row, totem masks (kepong)
  188. Plate 49 Turu carving from the Fischer Islands. (Reproduced from Publikationen aus dem Königlichen Ethnographischen Museum zu Dresden, vol. 10, plate 12)
  189. Plate 50 Masked men from Lihir
  190. Plate 51 Matasesén from northern Bougainville
  191. Fig. 126 Fragment of a map of the western hemisphere, by Th. de Bry (1596)
  192. Fig. 127 Part of a map by Witfliet (1597)
  193. Plate 52 Coconut plantation at Ralum
  194. Fig. 128 (top) Part of a map by Herrera (1601)
  195. Fig. 129 (above) Schouten and Le Maire’s map
  196. Fig. 130 De Eendracht, Schouten and Le Maire’s ship. After an old copperplate engraving.
  197. Fig. 131 Tasman’s chart
  198. Fig. 132 Heemskerk and Zeehaen, Tasman’s two ships. From an old copperplate engraving
  199. Fig. 133 Natives of New Ireland. From a drawing in Tasman’s log
  200. Plate 53 Grotto in raised coral rock on Mioko
  201. Fig. 134 Facsimile of Tasman’s log with his personal signature
  202. Fig. 135 William Dampier. From an old engraving
  203. Fig. 136 Dampier’s map
  204. Fig. 137 Facsimile of Dampier’s coastal survey of New Britain
  205. Plate 54 Waterfall in the Karo valley. Baining
  206. Fig. 138 Dalrymple’s map
  207. Fig. 139 Part of a map put together in 1785 for orientation of the Count de la Pérouse
  208. Fig. 140 L.C.D. Fleurieu’s map (1790)
  209. Fig. 141 Admiralty Islanders. After an engraving in D’Entrecasteaux’s account of the voyage
  210. Plate 55 Forest path on the Gazelle Peninsula. Breadfruit and canari trees, bananas
  211. Plate 56 HIMS Möwe in Peterhafen, French Islands

Plates

1 Gorge at Möwehafen

2 Robert Koch Spring on the Willaumez Peninsula

3 A group on the island of Aveleng

4 Men of the Arawa Islands

5 The laying out of a corpse. Gazelle Peninsula

6 Sinking fish baskets (wup na tatakia), Gazelle Peninsula

7 New Guinea type of canoe on the ‘Lieblichen Inseln’

8 Clubs. Gazelle Peninsula

9 Baining women bearing loads

10 Sulka men in front of their huts; on the left is a rich harvest of taro tubers

11 Group of Sulka men

12 Group of women from the ‘Liebliche Inseln’

13 Village scene at Nakanai

14 Youth from Unea (French Islands)

15 Village on the French Islands (Naraga)

16 Village scene on the ‘Liebliche Inseln’

17 Girl from northern New Ireland

18 The house in which a young girl is incarcerated before marriage

19 Spears from St Matthias and Emirau

20 Dance sticks of the St Matthias women

21 Village scene on Squally Island

22 Pole village of the Moánus on Ndruval

23 Men’s house in the village of the Matánkor on Lou

24 Moánus women from Lalobé with their children

25 Matánkor women of the island of Lou

26 Matánkor village on Lou

27 Men of the Moánus tribe from the village of Lalobé

28 Natives of the Matánkor tribe on the island of Lou

29 Village scene on Aua

30 Sailing canoe from the Hermit Islands

31 Outrigger of a canoe. Hermit Islands

32 Village scene at Ernst-Gunther-Hafen, northern Bougainville

33 Buka women

34 Village scene on Nissan

35 Shell money (kuamanu) from the island of Nissan. Various stages of preparation

36 Clubs from Buka and Bougainville

37 Village scene on Nukumanu

38 Women on Nukumanu

39 Group of men on Nukumanu

40 Artistically laid out taro garden on Nukumanu

41 Village scene on Tauu

42 The surviving population of the island of Tauu

43 The tubuan renders the last rites to the deceased

44 Dancers, representing spirits

45 The mabucha dance of the Baining

46 The gifu mask of the Sulka tribe

47 Dance at a circumcision ceremony. South coast of New Britain

48 Mask house on New Ireland

49 Turu carving from the Fischer Islands

50 Masked men from Lihir

51 Matasesén from northern Bougainville

52 Coconut plantation at Ralum

53 Grotto in raised coral rock on Mioko

54 Waterfall in the Karo valley. Baining

55 Forest path on the Gazelle Peninsula. Breadfruit and canari trees, bananas

56 HIMS Möwe in Peterhafen, French Islands

ABN: 15 211 513 464
CRICOS number: 00026A

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